Sbi4U Shopman 13-17 Urinary System

Front 1

What are the 3 steps in Urine formation ?

Back 1

1.Filtration

2. Re absorption

3. Secretion

Front 2

Describe filtration

Back 2

movement of materials

Front 3

Describe Re-absorption

Back 3

transfer of solutes and water from nephron back into blood

Front 4

Describe secretion

Back 4

transfer of materials from blood into nephron

Front 5

During filtration, where do the blood enters ? which arteriole do they enters from ?

Back 5

glomerulus and afferent

Front 6

During filtration, where do the water and small solutes pass through ?

Back 6

Bowman's capsule

Front 7

What type of solutes does the glomerulus have that aren't in the bowman's capsule ?

Back 7

Plasma proteins and red blood cells

Front 8

where do re absorption occurs ?

Back 8

Proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule and collecting duct

Front 9

What type of solutes get reabsorbed from the the proximal tubule and into the interstitial fluid ?

Back 9

Na+ , Cl-, water, glucose vitamin and amino acid

Front 10

where is the loop of henle located ?

Back 10

kidney

Front 11

Give an example of a substance that is permeable to the descending loop?

Back 11

water

Front 12

Give an example of a substance that is permeable to the ascending loop?

Back 12

salt

Front 13

Is the loop of Henle a hypotonic environment ?

Back 13

Yes,because it has a higher salt/urea concentration outside the tubule than the inside.

Front 14

Is the distal tubule a hypertonic environment ?

Back 14

Yes, because it has a higher salt/urea concentration inside the tubule than the outside .

Front 15

what types of solute get pumps out of the distal tubule?

Back 15

Na+, Cl-, HCO3-,water , urea

Front 16

In secretion, what substances flow from blood into nephron? and into where ?

Back 16

Substances:

H+, K+ and drugs

Locations :proximal and distal tubule lumen

Front 17

What hormone retains water in the body and constricts blood vessel?

Back 17

Anti-diuretic hormone(ADH)

Front 18

Where is the ADH located?

Back 18

pituitary gland

Front 19

What receptor detects the osmotic pressure in capillaries ?

where is the receptor located ?

Back 19

Osmoreceptor

Location :hypothalamus

Front 20

What receptor shrinks when water flow out? what happen after?

Back 20

Osmoreceptor.

This cause the hypothalamus to send a nerve message to the pituitary gland to release ADH, which tell the kidney to reabsorb water , causing thirst.

Front 21

What role do the kidney plays?

Back 21

Regulate blood volume

Front 22

What hormone increases the amount of Na and Cl- that is reabsorbed ?

Where is it located ?

Back 22

adrenal gland

aldosterone

Front 23

What special cells of the distal tubule releases renin?

Where is it located ?

Back 23

juxtaglomerular apparatus

afferent arteriole

Front 24

When do juxtaglomerular apparatus release renin?

Back 24

when blood pressure falls

Front 25

What is the function of the enzyme renin ?

Back 25

To convert the blood protein from angiotensinogen into angiotensin

Front 26

What happens when angiotensin increases?

Back 26

Causes constriction of blood vessels therefore increases blood pressure

Causes the adrenal gland to release aldosterone therefore increasing blood volume through an increase in water re absorption.

Front 27

In the proximal convoluted tubule, chloride ions are reabsorbed because of:

Back 27

the electrical attraction of sodium ions

Front 28

Which of the following promotes sodium retention and potassium loss from the blood of the distal convoluted tubule?

A. renin

B. angiotensin

C. aldosterone

D. angiotensin

E. ADH.

Back 28

D

Front 29

Granular (juxtaglomerular cells) secrete _____ when there is a fall in _____ ion concentration

A. renin / chloride

B. carbonic anhydrase / sodium

C. ATPase / potassium

D. renin / sodium

E. carbonic anhydrase / carbon dioxide.

Back 29

D

Front 30

Glucose is:

a.Filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted

b.Filtered, and reabsorbed, but not secreted

c.Filtered, and secreted, but not reabsorbed

d.Filtered, and neither secreted nor reabsorbed

Back 30

B

Front 31

The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:

a.Renal capsule

b.Proximal convoluted tubule

c.Collecting duct

d.Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Back 31

B

Front 32

Which of the following is incorrect concerning ADH?

a.Its production is regulated by plasma osmolarity

b.Its activity is affected by alcohol

c.It acts on the collecting duct and decreases its permeability to water.

d.It is stored in the posterior pituitary

Back 32

c

Front 33

Which of the following parts is not found in the urinary system?

a)Ureters

b) Urethra

c)Bladder

d)Rectum

Back 33

D

Front 34

The structure B:

A.cortex

B.bowman's capsule

C. collecting duct

D.nephron

Back 34

B

Front 35

The structure G:

A.renal artery

B.renal vein

C. proximal tubule

D.distal tubule

Back 35

C

Front 36

Describe osmotic pressure

Back 36

concentration of solute in a solution.ability of a solution to draw water into itself across membrane

Front 37

Describe homeostasis

Back 37

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Front 38

In true dehydration, blood volume declines and sodium concentration rises. The increased osmolarity of the blood stimulates the hypothalamic receptors, which stimulate the posterior pituitary to release ____.

Back 38

ADH

Front 39

During ADH release, Sodium continues to be excreted as water is reabsorbed, so the ratio of sodium to water in the urine ____, and urine is more concentrated. Therefore water volume ___ (rate of volume decrease slows down) and ____ (concentration) of urine is increased.

Back 39

increases, increases, osmolarity

Front 40

_____ plays the primary role in adjustment of sodium excretion, by retaining salt. The primary effects of this hormone are that the urine contains less NaCl and more K+ and has a lower pH.

Back 40

Aldosterone

Front 41

How does the kidney regulate blood pressure?

Back 41

By the release of renin

Front 42

Does the release of Aldosterone increase the sympathetic or parasympathetic system?

Back 42

Sympathetic System (Fight or Flight)

Front 43

What is the primary stimulus to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? What is the end result?

Back 43

Low blood volume; Increased arterial pressure

Front 44

What organ(s) regulate the acid-base balance of the blood?

Back 44

Kidneys and lungs

Front 45

To remain healthy, our blood pH should stay with a range of ?

Back 45

7.3-7.5

Front 46

What element help regulate the pH level of our blood?

Back 46

Hydrogen ions

Front 47

Give an example of a buffering systems

Back 47

Bicarbonic Acid Buffer system

Front 48

What is a buffer ?

Back 48

A solution that resist changes in pH level.

Front 49

What compound is formed ,when blood is too acidic?

What happened to the compound if the blood is too basic?

Back 49

H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

Carbonic dissociates forming hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions

Front 50

Filtration of the blood occurs at the ___________ an is collected by the ___________.

Back 50

Glomerulus ; bowman capsule

Front 51

Structure E is the:

A. outer medulla

B. inner medulla

C.This is Cancer

D.Collecting Duct

Back 51

D

Front 52

Structure D is the :

A. Distal tubule

B. Outer Medulla

C. **** this ****

D. loop of henle

Back 52

A

Front 53

Structure B is the :

A. Efferent arteriole

B.NOT THIS ONE

C.Secretion

D. Bowman's capsule

Back 53

A

Front 54

Why do selective re-absorption occurs?

Back 54

changes in permeability of cells lining nephron

changes in solute concentration of tissue surrounding nephron

Front 55

Structure F is the :

A.Afferent Arteriole

B. AHHHHHHHHH

C. Glomerulus

D. Blood

Back 55

A