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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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allele
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a specific form of a gene
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cell differentiation
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the process of cell modification from a generalized cell to one that performs a specific task
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characteristic
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an identifiable or measurable feature of an organism, such as size, color, or texture
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chromosome
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a single long molecule of DNA wound around proteins called histones
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codominant
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in genetics, denoting an equal degree of dominance of two genes
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crossing-over
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the exchange of DNA between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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DNA
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acid; this is the molecule, unique to each individual, carrying the genetic information to be found in every cell; all the information an organism needs to live and reproduce is contained in its DNA
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dominant
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a characteristic of a trait, or of the allele associated with that trait, in which the trait is expressed even if only one copy of the allele is present
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gene
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a segment of DNA that directs the development of some inherited traits
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genetic map
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a diagram of a chromosome showing where the genes (alleles) are
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genotype
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the particular alleles present in an organism for a character or set of characters
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heredity
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the passing of genetic information from parents to their offspring
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heterozygous
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having two different alleles for a gene being considered
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histone
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certain proteins found in association with chromosomes
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homozygous
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having two identical alleles for a gene being considered
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karyotype
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a photograph that displays the paired homologous chromosomes of an individual
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locus
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the position of a gene on a chromosome
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pedigree
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a diagram that shows how a trait is passed throughout a group of related individuals over many generations
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phenotype
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the physical or detectable traits of an organism
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population
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all of the members of one species that live in a common area and whose population dynamics are different from those of other populations
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Punnett square
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a grid used to predict the results of genetic crosses
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recessive
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a characteristic of a trait, or of the allele associated with that trait, in which the trait is expressed only if two copies of the allele are present
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sex-linked gene
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a gene present on a sex chromosome
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trait
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the specific observable form of a character, such as tall for height, pink for flower color, or smooth for seed texture
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