Biology Unit 4

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Allele

Back 1

An allele has one of 2 more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation

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Multiple alleles

Back 2

A multiple allele is one of a number of alternative forms of the same genetic gene

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Dominant

Back 3

The dominant gene produces the same phenotype in the organism

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Recessive

Back 4

The recessive gene produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical

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Homozygous

Back 5

The homozygous gene has identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci

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Heterozygous

Back 6

Heterozygoukeds has dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci

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Sex-linked

Back 7

A sex-linked gene is the phenotype expression of an allele related to the chromosomal sex of the individual

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Asexual

Back 8

Asexual is an organism capable of producing offspring in the absence of a male

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Sexual

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Sexual is being of one sex or the other and capable of sexual reproduction

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Cell Cycle

Back 10

Cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its duplication and division

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cell plate

Back 11

the cell plate is a disc like structure that separates the 2 sets of chromosomes during cytokinesis

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haploid

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a haploid is a cell or organism that has 1/2 the number of chromosomes in somatic cells

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diploid

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Diploid is a cell or organism that has 2 sets of chromosomes one from the mom and one from the dad

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mitosis

Back 14

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anaphase

Back 15

anaphase is a stage in mitosis when the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle

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interphase

Back 16

interphase is the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell

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metaphase

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metaphase is the second stage of cell division

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prophase

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prophase is the first stage of cell division

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telophase

Back 19

telophase is the final stage of cell dvision

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centriole

Back 20

the centriole is a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells

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chromatin

Back 21

the chromatin is the material of which the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are produced

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Meiosis

Back 22

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cytokinesis

Back 23

cytokinesis is the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis

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cross over

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crossover is the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during prophase

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spores

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The spore is a dormant reproductive cell formed by certain organisms

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Binary fission

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Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction common among prokaryotes where a cell divides giving rise to two cells

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Mendel

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Mendel discovered how traits are transferred from the parents to their offspring

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polygenic

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Polygenic is a group of genes that produces a specific trait only when expressed together

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Hemophilia

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Hemophilia is the congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding and usually affects males transmitted from mother to son

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Punnet Squares

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Phenotype

Back 31

The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

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Genotype

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The genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual organism

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Blood Type

Back 33

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Pedigree

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Pedigree is an ancestral line or chart showing the lineage or descent of an individual and all the direct ancestors

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Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation are variations of genomes between members of groups/species thriving in different parts of the world as a genetic mutation

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Inheritance

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Inheritance are traits that are transmitted from parents to their child ex: blue yes/brown eyes, tall/short etc

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Co-dominance

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Co-dominance is a condition in which the alleeles of a gene pair in a hetrozygote are fully expressed resulting in offspring w/a phenotype that isn't dominant or recessive

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Incomplete dominance

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Incomplete dominance is a kind of dominance occurring in heterozygotes in which the dominant allele is only partially expressed

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Independent assortment

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independent assortment is the process of random segregation and assortment of chromosomes during anaphase resulting in genetically unique gametes

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dihybrid

Back 40

Dihybrid is the offspring of a dihybrid cross involving 2 gene loci each with 2 different alleles