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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What can be done through transformation techniques? |
Single genes can be inserted into genomes using genetic transformation techniques. |
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What is inbreeding? |
In inbreeding selective plants and animals are need for several generations untill the population breeds true to the desired type due to the elimination of homozygous alleles |
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What is inbreeding depression |
Inbreeding depression is the accumulation of recessive deleterious homozygous alleles. |
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What are self pollinating plants? |
Self pollinating plants are naturally inbreeding and therefore less susceptible to inbreeding depression due to deleterious alleles and natural selection |
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How is inbreeding prevented in ourbreeding species? |
Inbreeding depression is prevented by selecting for the desired characteristic while maintaining an otherwise geneticly diverse population |
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What can cross breeding from other species create? |
a new f1 crossbread population with improved charactaristics |
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What does a crossbread f2 generation contain |
It can contain a wide variety of genotypes and so be of little use for further production but might provide a source of new varieties. |
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What processes are required to maintain the f1 crossbread population? |
A process of selection and back crossing is required to maintain the f1 crossbread population |
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Why are parent breeds often maintained |
So that they can be crossbread to provide the desired individuals when needed. |
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What can the crossbreeding of different plant lines produce? |
A relatively uniform hetrozygous crop in the f1 generation |
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What good charactaristics do f1 hybrids have? |
They often have increased vigour and yeild |
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What can be a result of genomic sequencing? |
Organisms with desirable genes can be identified and then used in breeding programs |
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What does plant and animal breeding involve? |
Plant and animal breeding involves manipulating the hereditary to improve new crops and animal stock to support sustainable food production. |
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What desirable qualities do breeders look for in improved Organisms? |
Higher food yeild Higher nutritional values Increased resistance to pests and diseases Resistance to harsh growing conditions. |
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What are plant field trials? |
THey compare the performance of different cultivars or treatments.and to evaluate gmail crops. |
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Why must field trials be randomised |
To eliminate bias when measuring their effects. |
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What happens to light that is not absorbed by photosynthetic pigments? |
It undergoes transmition and reflection. |
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Who a there concern for food security? |
It is Because the human population increased and so has the demand for food |
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What must food production be? |
Sustainale |
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What is food security? |
Food security involves the ability to assess sufficient quantity and quality of food. |
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What must food production not do? |
Degrade the natural resources needed for agriculture. |
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What does all food production depend on? |
Photosynthesis |
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What is crop production limited by? |
Growing area and factors thst affect plant growth |
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In agricultural ecosystems what reduces a crops productivity? |
Weeds compete with the crop and pests and diseases organisms damage them |
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What are animal weeds |
They are weeds which have a rapid growth short lifespan high seed output and a long see viability |
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What are perennial weeds |
Perennial weeds have competitive adaptations such as storage organs and vegative reproduction |
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What are most crop pests |
Most crop pests are invertebrate animals such as insects nematode worms and molluscs |
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What are crop plant diseases often caused by |
Crop plant diseases can often be caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses often carried by invertebrate animals |
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By what means can weeds pests and diseases be controlled by |
They can be controlled via cultural means |
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What do selective plant chemicals target |
Broad leafed plants |
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Ehat are systematic plant protection chemicals |
They enter the plants transport system and are effective against plants with underground storage organs |
