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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma membrane
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Thin outer membrane that maintains the cell as a separate entity. It allows metabolic events to occur apart from random events in the environment. The membrane does not totally isolate the cell interior. Substances and signals move across it in highly controlled ways.
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Nucleus/Nucleoid
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Nucleus/Nucleoid: DNA occupies a membrane-bound sac in the call (nucleus) or simply a region (nucleoid). The nucleus localizes a cell’s DNA.
Components: Nuclear envelope: Pore-riddles double-membrane system that selectively controls the passage of various substances into and out of the nucleus. Nucleoplasm: Fluid interior portion of the nucleus. |
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Nucleolus
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Nucleolus: Place where certain RNAs and proteins are combined to make ribosomal subunits, which move thorugh nuclear pores to the cytoplasm to converge with another subunit as an inact ribosome, where amino acids are assembled into proteins.
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Chromosome
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One DNA molecule and many proteins that are associated with it.
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Chromatin
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Total collection of all DNA molecules and their associated proteins in the nucleus.
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Cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm is everything between the plasma membrane and the region of DNA. It consists of a semifluid matrix and other components, such as ribosomes.
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Eukaryote
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cell with membrane-bound organelles. (more stuff going on)
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Prokaryote
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A cell without membrane-bound organelles. (less stuff going on)
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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It routes and modifies newly formed polypeptide chains; also synthesizing lipids.
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Golgi body
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Modifies polypeptide chains into mature proteins; sorts and ships proteins and lipids for secretion or for use inside the cell.
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Vesicles
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Transport or store a variety of substances; digests substances and structure in the cell; other functions
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ATP
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nucleotide with string of three phosphate groups attached to its sugar component.
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Mitochondria
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many ATP molecules in an efficient fashion.
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Plasma membrane
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Thin outer membrane that maintains the cell as a separate entity. It allows metabolic events to occur apart from random events in the environment. The membrane does not totally isolate the cell interior. Substances and signals move across it in highly controlled ways.
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Nucleus/Nucleoid
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Nucleus/Nucleoid: DNA occupies a membrane-bound sac in the call (nucleus) or simply a region (nucleoid). The nucleus localizes a cell’s DNA.
Components: Nuclear envelope: Pore-riddles double-membrane system that selectively controls the passage of various substances into and out of the nucleus. Nucleoplasm: Fluid interior portion of the nucleus. |
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Nucleolus
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Nucleolus: Place where certain RNAs and proteins are combined to make ribosomal subunits, which move thorugh nuclear pores to the cytoplasm to converge with another subunit as an inact ribosome, where amino acids are assembled into proteins.
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Chromosome
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One DNA molecule and many proteins that are associated with it.
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Chromatin
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Total collection of all DNA molecules and their associated proteins in the nucleus.
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Cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm is everything between the plasma membrane and the region of DNA. It consists of a semifluid matrix and other components, such as ribosomes.
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Eukaryote
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cell with membrane-bound organelles. (more stuff going on)
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Prokaryote
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A cell without membrane-bound organelles. (less stuff going on)
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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It routes and modifies newly formed polypeptide chains; also synthesizing lipids.
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Golgi body
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Modifies polypeptide chains into mature proteins; sorts and ships proteins and lipids for secretion or for use inside the cell.
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Vesicles
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Transport or store a variety of substances; digests substances and structure in the cell; other functions
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ATP
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nucleotide with string of three phosphate groups attached to its sugar component.
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Mitochondria
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many ATP molecules in an efficient fashion.
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(backwards y)m
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a micrometer, it is 1/1,000 of a millimeter or 1/1,000,000 of a meter (1 x 10 to the -6th)
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Euakaryotic
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has membrane-bound organelles
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Cytoskeleton
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(main structural framework) A complex, interconnected system of protein filaments that extend between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Different parts are semi-permanent, permanent, and sometimes move/reinforce/organize interior cell parts and/or help in motility.
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Mitochondrian (ia)
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Only eukaryotic cells have them. They break down organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water, sometimes forming ATP cells.
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Vacuole
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It increases cell surface area and stores metabolic wastes.
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