Biology Unit 2 Test

Front 1

Exergonic reaction

Back 1

Release Energy, reactants have MORE energy than products

Front 2

Endergonic reaction

Back 2

Absorbs energy, products have MORE energy than reactants

Front 3

Enzymes

Back 3

Proteins that act as biological catalysts (speed up reactions), very specific

Front 4

Substrate

Back 4

The molecule that attaches to the enzyme

Front 5

Active Site

Back 5

(On the enzyme) where the substrate binds

Front 6

Denaturing Enzymes

Back 6

When an enzyme falls out of its specific pH, temperature, or salinity range

Front 7

Palisade Mesophyll (Layer)

Back 7

Structure: Long green cells below the upper epidermis

Function: Makes most food for the plant, contains lots of chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll (pigment) which helps make food

Front 8

Spongy Mesophyll (Layer)

Back 8

Structure: below the palisade layer; round green cells that are loosely arranged with spaces "spongy"

Functions: Makes food for the LEAF

Front 9

Stomata (Stomate)

Back 9

Structure: Small pore in the epidermis of a leaf

Function: Lets gases enter and exit the leaf (leads to spongy mesophyll)

Front 10

Chlorophyll

Back 10

A pigment found in plants (specifically the chloroplast) that reflects green and absorbs red, orange, yellow, blue, indigo, and violet.

Front 11

NADH+ - NADPH

Back 11

Electron transferring molecule that reacts with 2 high energy electrons and a H+ to make NADPH

Turns sunlight into chemical form

Front 12

Light Dependent Reactions

Back 12

Occurs in the thylakoid Membrane of the chloroplast

Sunlight activates an electron transport chain where energy is transferred

Front 13

Inputs for LDR

Back 13

- suns energy

- water molecules

- NADP+ molecules

- ADP molecule

Front 14

Outputs for LDR

Back 14

- O2 gas

- ATP molecules

- NADPH

Front 15

ADP - ATP

Back 15

ADP (di) is a form of low energy where ATP (tri) is a form of high energy.

Front 16

Inputs for the Calvin Cycle

Back 16

- ATP

- NADPH

- CO2

Front 17

Outputs for the Calvin Cycle

Back 17

- ADP

- NADPH

- Glucose (carbohydrates)

Front 18

Factors that effect photosythesis

Back 18

- Amount of water

- Temperature (0-35 degrees Celsius for enzymes)

- Intensity of light

- pH

Front 19

Aerobic Respiration

Back 19

requires oxygen (mitochondria)

Front 20

Mitochondria

Back 20

Cell organelle that chemical energy stored in food to usable energy for the cell.

(Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport chain occur here.)

Front 21

Gycolosis

Back 21

*First stage of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration*

Glucose is transformed into pyruvic acid (6- 3+3 carbon)

Energy is released.

Front 22

Inputs for glycolosis

Back 22

-2 ATP

- Glucose

- 4 ADP

- 2 NAD+

Front 23

Outputs for glycolosis

Back 23

- 4 ATP

- 2 ADP

- 2 NADH

- 2 pyruvate

Front 24

Location of glycolosis

Back 24

cytoplasm

Front 25

Krebs Cycle Inputs

Back 25

Pyruvic acid

Front 26

Krebs Cycle outputs

Back 26

- NADH

- CO2

- FADH2

- ATP

Front 27

Krebs Cycle Location

Back 27

Mitochondria

Front 28

Electron Transport Chain Inputs

Back 28

- 8 NADH

- 2 FADH2

- 6 O2

Front 29

Electron Transport Chain outputs

Back 29

- 32 ATP

- 6 H2O

Front 30

Electron Transport Chain location

Back 30

Mitochondria Membrane

Front 31

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 31

- Does NOT require oxygen

- Fermentation

- Does not need mitochondria

Front 32

Alcoholic Fermentation Inputs

Back 32

- Pyruvic Acid

- NADH

Front 33

Alcoholic Fermentation Outputs

Back 33

- Alcohol

- CO2

- NAD+

Front 34

Alcoholic Fermentation makes...

Back 34

- Bread

- Alcohol

Front 35

Lactic Acid Fermentation Inputs

Back 35

- Pyruvic Acid

- NADH

Front 36

Lactic Acid Fermentation Outputs

Back 36

- Lactic Acid

- NAD+

Front 37

Lactic Acid Makes....

Back 37

- Yogurt, cheese, sour cream with bacteria

- Lactic Acid

Front 38

Photosythesis vs. Cell Respirartion

Back 38

They both consume and produce the same substances but in different ways.