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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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an inflammation of a joint or joints
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arthritis
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a tough, flexible connective tissue found in humans and animals
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cartilage
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tailbone; the lowest section of the vertebral column, consisting of four separate vertebrae in infants but fused into a single bone in adults, that serves as an attachment for various muscles and as a shock absorber
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coccyx
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a sudden, painful, involuntary contraction of the muscle that can result from a temporary shortage of ATP in the muscle cell
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cramp
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the portion of the skull which encloses and protects the brain
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cranium
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a tough, translucent sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle and binds it togeth; also called epimysium
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fascia
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fontanel-the tough membranes that connect the bones of an infant's skull together, made up of fibrous connective tissue; the fontanels are responsible for the infant's 'soft spots' on their head.
suture-any of the uneven immovable joints that join the bones of the skull together |
fontanel and suture
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a break or crack in a bone
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fracture
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hypertrophy-the enlargement of an organ or tissue; specifically, the enlargement of muscles through use
atrophy-the wasting away or decrease in size of an organ or tissue; specifically, the degeneration of muscles |
hypertrophy and atrophy
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a place whre two bones join together, or articulate
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joint
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a goup of muscle cells connected to a single motor nerve
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motot unit
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an individual skeletal muscle cell
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muscle fiber
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the awareness of body movements and of the location of body parts that results from proper coordination between the muscular and nervous systems
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muscle sense
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a state of slight tension in a relaxed muscle in which a small percentage of muscle fibers are contracted even when the muscle is at rest; keeps muscles from sagging, gives flesh its proper firmness, and keeps muscles "ready for action"
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muscle tone
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the point at which a motor nerve connects to a muscle cell
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neuromuscular junction
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the process of bone growth and development in which a cartilaginous form of a bone is replaced by collagen-reinforced hydroxyapatite crystals
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ossification
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osteoclasts-"bone destroyer"; a type of cell found in bone tissue that removes old bone materials to make room for new
osteoblasts-"bone grower"; a type of cell found in bone tissue that constructs new bone |
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
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the bones of the shoulder, consisting of the shoulder blades (scapulae) and the collarbones (clavicles)
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pectoral girdle
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small bones that form the segments of the fingers and toes
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phalanges
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red fibers-muscle fibers that contain many mitochondria and large amounts of myoglobin
white fibers-muscle fibers containing fewer mitochondria and less myoglobin |
red fibers and white fibers
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a disease in which the bones are weak and deformed, caused by a lack of vitamin D
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rickets
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a cavity or hollow space, such as the air cavities of the skull that seve to make the skull lighter and give it its characteristic vocal quality
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sinus
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a clear, water-based lubricant, resembling egg white in appearance and consistency, that lubricates a freely movable joint
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synovial fluid
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tendon-a "cable" of tough fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone
ligament-segments of tough connective tissue that join bones to other bones or seve to hold organs in place |
tendon and ligament
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the bones of the chest: includes the ribs and sternum
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thoracic cage
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the chief structural member of the body, also known as the spine, spinal column, or backbone,; the vertical pillar of vertebrae located in the back that supports the body and protects the spinal cord
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vertebral column
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the principle that bones adjust their shapes to the physical stresses placed upon them
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Wolff's law
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