Biology Unit 1 Questions

Front 1

what are the seven core attributes of life?

Back 1

order
reproduction
development
energy utilization
response to the enviornment
homeostasis
evolutionary adaptation

Front 2

Photosynthesis emerges at the ________level in the ________

Back 2

organelle, chloroplasts

Front 3

At what level of organization does the property of being "alive" emerge?

Back 3

the cell level.

Front 4

What is reductionism?

Back 4

reducing complex systems to simpler conponents that are more manageable to study.

Front 5

What is an open system?

Back 5

an entity that exchanges materials and energy with its surroundings.

Front 6

Prokaryotic Cell - the name of the structures that are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Back 6

Pili

Front 7

Prokaryotic Cell - Where are proteins synthesized?

Back 7

Ribosomes

Front 8

Prokaryotic cell - identify the sticky, jellylike protective layer outside the cell wall

Back 8

capsule

Front 9

Prokaryotic cell -name of the rigid structure, outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds, supports, and protects the cell

Back 9

cell wall

Front 10

This acts as a a selective barrier, allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes

Back 10

plasma membrane

Front 11

Prokaryotic cell - Where is the cell's DNA, containing the genes that control the cell?

Back 11

Nucleoid region

Front 12

Prokaryotic cell - Which structure propels the cell?

Back 12

Flagellum

Front 13

______ are the cells information molecules

Back 13

nucleic acids

Front 14

2 kinds of nucleic acids are:

Back 14

DNA, RNA

Front 15

DNA directs the manufacture of ____

Back 15

proteins

Front 16

In eukaryotic cells, protein systhesis occurs in ____ steps

Back 16

2

Front 17

In protein systhesis, first information is transferred from ______ to ________

Back 17

DNA to Messenger RNA

Front 18

After the Information from the DNA is transferred to messenger RNA, ______

Back 18

The RNA leaves the nucleus and carries the information from the DNA to the ribosomes

Front 19

The message in the sequence of RNA _________ is translated into a sequence of _______

Back 19

nucleotides, amino acids

Front 20

amino acids are linked to form a ________

Back 20

polypeptide

Front 21

_______ are indispensible to the study of cells.

Back 21

Microscopes

Front 22

DNA consists of 2 _________ twisted together to form a ___________

Back 22

nucleotides, double helix

Front 23

Who discovered cells?

Back 23

Robert Hooke

Front 24

How does a light microscope work?

Back 24

a light microscope uses visible light to pass through the specimen, then the lenses bend the light resulting in magnification.

Front 25

how does an electron microscope work?

Back 25

it focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface.

Front 26

Why does an electron microscope have stronger resolving power?

Back 26

Because resolving power is inversely related to the wavelength of radiation a microscope uses, and electrons have wavelenths much shorter than the wavelengths of visible light.

Front 27

What is Cell Theory? (2 main points)All living things consist of cells. All cells come from other cells. This is_________

Back 27

All living things consist of cells. All cells come from other cells.

Front 28

magnification is...

Back 28

the ratio of an object's image to its real size

Front 29

All cells are related by...

Back 29

their descent from earlier cells and evolution

Front 30

Resolution is...

Back 30

The measure of the clarity of an image, the minimum distance two poits can be separated and still be considered 2 points.

Front 31

All organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, contain the element ____________

Back 31

Carbon

Front 32

Plants use _____ as a source of energy.

Back 32

light

Front 33

What element is found in all organic compounds?

Back 33

carbon

Front 34

What name is given to organisms that convert the carbon in organic compounds into carbon in carbon dioxide?

Back 34

Decomposers

Front 35

Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.

Back 35

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 36

what are catalytic molecules?

Back 36

proteins

Front 37

what are the 2 main structural differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back 37

Eukaryotic has true nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Prokaryotic do not.

Front 38

approximately how big are eukaryotic cells?

Back 38

10 micrometers.

Front 39

what is a good unit for measuring cells?

Back 39

micrometer.

Front 40

what is a good unit for measuring the demensions of biomonelcules

Back 40

nanometer

Front 41

why are cells so small?

Back 41

diffusion problem - need to get from middle to edge of cell and cant take a long time
when things get bigger, surface to volume ratio goes down, creating this problem

Front 42

what are the two main ways biologist study cells (since they are so small)?

Back 42

- fractionation followed by biochemical analysis
- microscopy

Front 43

what are the three disadvantages to an electron microscope?

Back 43

- material cannot be alive, no motion
- no color
- expensive

Front 44

what are artifacts?

Back 44

structural features seen in micrographs that do not exist in the living cell.

Front 45

what is the instrument used to fractionate cells?

Back 45

a centrifuge

Front 46

what are the two resulting parts after the centrifuge is spun?

Back 46

pellet (heavier structures at the bottom)
supernatant ( smaller lighter parts of the cell suspended in the liquid above the pellet)

Front 47

Why are eukaryotic cells generally bigger than prokaryotic cells?

Back 47

because the logistics of metabolism set a limit on cell size.

Front 48

anything that takes up space and has mass

Back 48

matter

Front 49

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions is an

Back 49

element

Front 50

there are _____ naturally occuring elements recognized today

Back 50

92

Front 51

a substance consisting of two or more elements conbined in a fixed ratio

Back 51

compound

Front 52

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is a(n)____________

Back 52

element

Front 53

Changing the number of _____ would change an atom into an atom of a different element.

Back 53

protons in an atom

Front 54

How an atom behaves when it comes into contact with other atoms is determined by its _____.

Back 54

electron configuration

Front 55

true/false: Hydrogen bonding is most often seen when hydrogen is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom

Back 55

true