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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell theory
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1)All living things are composed of cells.
2) Cell is basic functional unite of life 3) Cells arise only from pre existing cells 4) Cells carry genetic information in form of DNA. Genetic mateiral is passed from parent to daugheter |
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diapgragm
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controls amount of light passing through specimen, important for image contrast.
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course adjustment knob
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focuses image, moved vertically
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fine adjust knob.
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finely focus image, works over smaller range of focus.
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phase contrast microscope
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unlike compound light microscope, used to study dead organisms, p.c is for livigin using refraction. drawback is resolution of certain structure
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autoradiography
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use radioactive decay to see where reactions of interest take place.
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centrifugation
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separate organelles in cell by densiy
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prokaryotes
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Cell wall. DNA is in nucleoid region. have ribosome and cell membrane. Also have ability to store genetic info in plasmids. Also have cytoplasm.
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Cell membrane
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both organelles, made of phospholipid bilayer,
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Smooth vs Rough ER
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smooth-robisome free, lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs/proteins.
Rougher er-production of protein products |
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Golgi Apparatus
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receives materials from smooth ER , repackages them in eecretory vescicles, that relase contents to cell's exterior known as exocytosis.
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lysosomes
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trash. can cause death of cell in autolysis if needed (i.e cell has damaged DNA). also hav eprpoerties that some broken down products can be rsued in other cellular processes.
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mitochondria
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Produce ATP. inhertied only fomr other. Inner membrane cotnains infodlings, cristae, increase surface area where e.t.c. enzymes sit.
mitochondrian miatrix contains other important enzymes for cell respitr. Space b/w two memrbanes is intermembrane space |
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peroxisomes
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create peroxisome , to break down fats into usable molecules, and catalzye detoxiicfaction reactions in liver
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glyoxysomes.
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important in germonating plants, convret fats into sugars until plants cna make their own energy.
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chloroplats
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in plants algae, coontiain chloropyll, used for generating energy via water, CO@, and sunlight. containd DNA>
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cell wall
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plants-->cellulose, fungi-->chitin
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centroiles
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organizing spilde apparatus which chromosomes move during mitosis.
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cytoskeleton
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made up of microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments. "transport system/strucutral system"
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microfilaments
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made of actin, are road, interact with myosin. invovled in movement of materials within cellular membrane and ameboid movement
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microtubules
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hollow , polymers of tublin proteins. invovled in chromosoal separation. basis for cilia and flagella.
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intermediate filametns
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collection of fibers for strucutural integrirty
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diffusion
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requires no energy, natural go from high to low
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hypo/iso/hyper
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environemtn low to cell, water goes into cell to balance, burst.
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faciliated idffusion
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molecules impermeable to membrane, such as large or polar, use itnegral membrane proteins to serve as channels
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endocytosis
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engulfs material into cell by cell membrane, then kept in a vescile in cyotosol
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pincytosis vs phagocytoss
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endocytosis of fluids and dissolved particles, where phago is ingestion of large solids like bacteroia
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exocytosis
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substrates released from cell into outside world
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epithelian tissue
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tissue cover body and line its cavities. for protection agasint invasion and dessication. also in absorbtion, secretion and sensation.
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connective tissue
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supports body and provides framework for higher level interaction. bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, and blose are all connective tissues
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nervous tissue
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nuerons are primary cells in nervous system. use electrochemcial gradients for cellular signaling and coorindated control of multiple tissues, organs, and organ system
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muscle tissue
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skeletal, smooth and cardiac. exchiibit contractile ability and strength
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capsid
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protein coat of a virus
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virions
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new copy of a virus, released to infect new cells
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bacteriophage
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viruses that target bacteria.
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virus
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sturucture: coat, then nucleaic acid, then teal sheath, then fibers.
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