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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what is osmosis

the passive movement of WATER from a dilute solution to a high concentration across a SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE until a DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM is reached

what is active transport

the ACTIVE movement of particles from an area that is LOW in concentration to an area of HIGH conc (against conc gradient)




- requires energy

what do dissolved substances move with

diffusion and active transport

if water and ions are not replaced into the body after a workout what happens

ion/water imbalance of the body is disturbed

explain how the exchange surface of the lungs (alveoli) is adapted for efficient exchange of molecules

-thin walls so diffusion is across a smaller surface


-large S/A for diffusion


-moist lining


-cell wall = 1 cell thick

explain how the exchange surface of the small intestine (microvilli) is adapted for efficient exchange of molecules

- inner surface has many villie (small folds) meaning large s/a best for diffusion & absorbtion


- each villi is v. thin so food molecules diffuse across a small distance into the blood


-lots of mitochondria


-1 cell thick

explain the process of breathing in

-diaphragm contracts, flattens and moves down


- intercostal muscles contract


-ribs lift upwards and outwards


-larger volume in thorax = lower pressure & fresh air drawn in

explain the process of breathing out



-diaphragm relaxes & moves upwards


- intercontinental muscles relax


-rib cage drops down & in


-lower vol. in thorax so air pushed out

exchange systems in plants

- co2 leaves & enters via diffusion


- water & mineral ions absorbed by roots

water flow through plants

-phloem transport food (mainly dissolved sugars) UP & DOWN


-xylem take water UP (water & minerals)


- lose water vapor from leaves - takes place through stomata



stomata

-take in co2 in atmosphere and to remove oxygen produced in photosynthesis


- size controlled by guard cells

s/a increased where and by

-large s/a in roots bc of root hairs


- large s/a bc of flat leaves & internal air spaces

water loss in plants

- evaporation bigger in hot, dry & windy conditions


- if water lost faster than replaced by roots, stomata can be closed to prevent wilting

what doe the circulatory system do

transports substances around the body

what is the heart

- organ & pumps blood around the body


- wall made of muscle tissue


- 4 main chambers:


1. pulmonary artery 2. aorta




3. right atrium 3. left atrium