Biology Theme 1 Key Words

Front 1

Aneurysm

Back 1

Swelling of the wall of an artery. it is exsessive and localised.

Front 2

Angina

Back 2

Pain in the chest and neck. caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart.

Front 3

Anticoagulant/platelet inhibitory drugs

Back 3

drugs that stop the clotting of blood

(retardation or inhibition).

Front 4

Atheroma

Back 4

Degeneration of the walls of the arteries. caused by fatty deposits clumping together and scar tissue. leads to restriction of circulation. risk of thrombosis.

Front 5

Antioxidants

Back 5

A substance that inhibits oxidation.

To counteract the deteriation of

stored food products.

Front 6

The effect of oxidation on blood vessels

Back 6

Oxidation breaks down particles in the blood which creates free radicals cause damage to blood vessels.

Front 7

Atherosclerosis

Back 7

A disease of the arteries. Characterised by the fatty deposition of fatty material on their inner walls.

Front 8

Basal metabolic rate

Back 8

The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest. To maintain vital functions, such as breathing and keeping warm.

Front 9

Blood Pressure

Back 9

Amount of force being exerted on the walls of the blood vessels by the blood.

Front 10

BMI

Back 10

Body mass index. kg over msquared. a key index indicating whether or not they are obese, overweight or normal.

Front 11

Cardiac cycle

Back 11

A complete heartbeat. from generation to beginning of next beat. the frequency of the CC is called heart rate (HR)

Front 12

Cardiovascular disease

Back 12

CVD. conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to conditions such and angina, heart attack or stroke.

Front 13

Case- control studies

Back 13

A study that compares patients who have a disease or outcome with patients who don't have it. studies the relationship between risk factor and the disease.

Front 14

Cholesterol

Back 14

A compound of the sterile type (waxy) found in most body tissues.

Front 15

Cohort studies

Back 15

A study design where one or more samples are followed. status evaluations are conducted to determine which risk factors are relevant.

Front 16

Collagen

Back 16

The main structural protein found in animal connective tissue, yielding gelatine when boiled.

Front 17

Coronary Arteries

Back 17

An artery supplying blood to the heart

Front 18

CHD

Back 18

Coronary heart disease. When plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, stooping them from supplying oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle.

Front 19

Diastole

Back 19

heart muscle relaxes, chambers fill with blood.

Front 20

double circulatory system

Back 20

We have two loops in the body where the blood circulates. One is oxygenated, the other is deoxygenated.

Front 21

Elastic fibres

Back 21

Connective tissue fibres which stretch under pressure and snap back when relaxed.

Front 22

Glycosidic link/ bond

Back 22

the type of chemical linkage between the monosaccharides in a disacharde, oligosaccaride and polysaccharide. Formed by the removal of a molecule of water. ( a condensation reaction)

Front 23

Heart attack/ Myocardial infarction

Back 23

When the flow of blood to the heart is blocked. the heart suffers damage or destruction.

Front 24

Hypertension

Back 24

Abnormally high blood pressure

Front 25

Oedema

Back 25

A condition characterised by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.

Front 26

Positive Feedback

Back 26

The enhancing or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process which gives rise to it.

Front 27

Risk factor

Back 27

Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing illness/ injury.

Front 28

Saccharide (mono/di/poly)

Back 28

Sugar.

Mono- one simple sugar

Di - a chain of two or more simple sugars

Poly- a complex chain of monosaccharides (repeated)

Front 29

Examples of Sugars

Back 29

Mono- glucose, fructose, galactose

Di- Lactsose, Sucrose, Maltose

Poly- Amylose (starch), Amylopectin, Glycogen (animal storage polymer)

Front 30

Saturated Fats

Back 30

A fat with a chemical in which the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen atoms and do not contain double bonds.

Front 31

Single Circulatory System

Back 31

Occurs in fishes. Blood travels only once through the heart in each complete circuit of the body.

Front 32

Smooth Muscle

Back 32

One of the types of muscle tissue in the body. Generally forms the supporting tissue of blood vessels and organs.

Front 33

Sphygmomanometer

Back 33

An instrument often attached to an inflatable air- bladder cuff and used with a stethoscope. for measuring blood pressure in an artery.

Front 34

Statins

Back 34

A class of lipid- lowering medications

Front 35

Stroke

Back 35

A condition due to the lack of oxygen to the brain which may lead to reversible or irreversible paralysis.

Front 36

Systole

Back 36

The blood pressure when the heart is contracting

Front 37

Thrombosis

Back 37

Impeding blood flow, caused by thrombus: a blood clot that forms In the wall of the blood vessels or inside the heart.

Front 38

Tissue Fluid

Back 38

A fluid that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals.

Front 39

Triglyceride

Back 39

A lipid molecule made up of one unit of glycerol and three fatty acids.

Front 40

Unsaturated fats

Back 40

A fat that contains a carbon-carbon double bond.