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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Chyme? |
A semi-liquid mixture composed of food and gastric juices |
Mixture |
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What is peristalsis |
The rhythmic, involuntary wave like movements of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract |
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What is a bolus? |
Ball of chewed up food |
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What is the function of Saliva? |
Dissolves food particles, making it possible to taste food and forms it into a ball that can be swallowed |
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What is the difference between chemical and physical digestion? |
Chemical- breaking down of nutrients with chemical presence such as enzymes (amylase which breaks down starch)
Mechanical- breaking down of food through the use of teeth (grinding, tearing, ripping food apart) |
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What is obesity? |
•condition where excess amount of body fat poses potential health risks • genetics, overeating, poor diet, little exercise •leads to: -heart disease -diabetes -respiratory problems |
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What is obesity? |
•condition where excess amount of body fat poses potential health risks • genetics, overeating, poor diet, little exercise •leads to: -heart disease -diabetes -respiratory problems |
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What is anorexia? |
Psychological disorder characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight and poor self image •10% die •dieting------> extreme (diet pills,laxatives) |
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What is bulimia? |
Binge eating then fasting and self-induced vomiting or laxatives to prevent weight gain •osteoporosis •thyroid dysfunction •amenorrhea |
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Food entering the mouth steps |
1) salivary glands trigger saliva 2) saliva contains enzymes which break down nutrients 3) tongue moves bolus down throat |
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Swallowing steps |
1) food is pushed into the pharynx, soft palate raises to cover the nasal passage 2) larynx is raised against epiglottis (which is depressed during swallowing) to cover windpipe 3)food moves from the pharynx down the esophagus 4) food moves down the esophagus to the windpipe via peristalsis (8 sec) |
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Stomach |
-J shaped muscular organ (stores up to 2 L of food) -sphincters: control the movement in and out of stomach •pyloric: tightly closed muscles that allows chyme to enter intestines |
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What are the four layers of the stomach? |
1) mucosa: (innermost) secretes gastric juices and mucus. Epithelial cells divide rapidly to heal any damage from acidity 2) submucosa: connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels 3) muscularis: 3 layers of smooth muscle ( longitudinal, circular, oblique) that contract and churn food 4) serosa: smooth outer layer, keeps stomach in place, secretes liquid to reduce friction |
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