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44 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What are autotrophs (producers)?
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They use light energy from the sun to make their own food.
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What are heterotrophs (consumers)?
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They obtain energy from the food they consume.
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What are some forms energy comes in?
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light, heat, electricity
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What is energy stored in?
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Chemical bonds of compunds
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What are some compounds that store energy?
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ATP, NADH and FADH
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What happens when bonds are broken?
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Energy is released
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What are some forms energy comes in?
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light, heat, electricity
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What is energy stored in?
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Chemical bonds of compunds
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What are some compounds that store energy?
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ATP, NADH and FADH
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What happens when bonds are broken?
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Energy is released
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What is the chief energy storing molecule made of?
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Adenine, Ribose (A 5 carbon sugar) and three phosphates (key to storing and releasing energy)
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What is ATP used for?
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Mechanical Function, Active Transport and Breakdown/synthesis of large molecules.
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Is ATP regenerated?
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Yes
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When a cell has ______ available it can store small amounts by adding a _______ to a group of ______ molecules producing _______
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energy, phosphate, ADP, ATP
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A cell can release _______ by breaking the bond between the second and third _______ changing the molecule to ______.
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energy, phosphate, ADP
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What is chemical respiration?
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a series of chemical reactions when food molecules are broken down to release energy in the presence of oxygen.
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What is aerobic?
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requires the presence of oxygen.
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What is anaerobic?
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takes place without the presence of oxygen.
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How many ATP molecules are produced with Aerobic Respiration?
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36
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How many ATP molecules are produced with Anaerobic Respiration?
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2
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Where does Glycloysis occur?
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cytoplasm
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What is the process of Glycloysis?
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each glucose molecule is broken in half.
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What are the products of Glycolysis?
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2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid (3 carbon compund) and two ATP molecules.
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Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
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Mitochondria
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What is the process in the Krebs cycle?
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Pyruvic Acid is broken down.
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What does the Krebs cycle produce?
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Carbon Dixoide, NADH, 2 ATPs and FADH^2
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Where does Electron Transport occur?
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Mitochondria
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What is the process of Electron Transport?
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converts ADP to ATP
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What does the electron transport produce?
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32 ATPs
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When does anaerobic respiration happen?
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During glycolysis and is called fermantation.
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What are the two types of fermantation?
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Alcoholic fermantation and lactic acid fermantation.
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What does alcoholic fermantation do?
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converts/changes pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol (alocohol).
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corn+alcohol=____?
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gas
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What is Lactic Acid Fermantation?
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converts Pyruvic acid to lactic acid.
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What is produced by muscle cells during strenuous exercise?
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Lactic Acid
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Lactic Acid can build up in muscles and cause _______.
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fatigue or soreness
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Photosynthetic organisms get energy from
a. inorganic substances. b. light. c. autotrophs. d. heterotrophs. |
b. light.
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ATP molecules
a. produce NADPH b. contain five phosphate groups. c. can both store energy and provide it for metabolic reactions. d. help a plant produce carbon dioxide. |
c. can both store energy and provide it for metabolic reactions.
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In glycolysis,
a. aerobic processes occur. b. four ATP molecules are produced c. four ADP molecules are produced. d. glucose is produced |
b. four ATP molecules are produced
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When this gas is available, aerobic respiration follows glycolysis
a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. hydrogen d. water vapor |
a. carbon dioxide
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Aerobic respiration occurs in the __________ of eukaryotic cells.
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mitochondria
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Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway that breaks down a six-carbon glucose molecule to a two three-carbon ____________.
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pyruvic ions
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During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is first converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters the _________ _________.
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Krebs Cycle
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During celluar respiration, a cell produces most of its energy through _________ respiration.
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Anaerobic
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