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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how are viruses transmitted |
coughing, touching, etc |
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viruses are... |
not living organisms |
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the two kingdoms of bacteria |
eubacteria and archaebacteria |
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cells are... |
small, can measure up to one meter in length |
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ribosomes are... |
not identicials |
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membrane proteins... |
diffusion by acting as channels or carriers |
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A goes with DNA |
T |
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C goes with DNA |
U |
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pathogen... |
bacteria, virus or microorganisms that cause disease. present everywhere |
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how are pathogens transmitted |
direct contact,airborne, blood contact |
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antibiotics resistance... |
buildin up immunity to antibiotics. extremely dangerous |
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parasites infect... |
fecal oral route, insect vectors, contaminated water |
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plasma membrane... |
encased within a cell wall of peptidoglycan |
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shapes of bacteria |
coccus, bacillus, spirillus |
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opportunistic organism |
cause disease when opportunity is present |
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normal flora... |
regulates immune system. prevents harmful bacteria growth. releases minerals from food. carbohydrates into SCFA and energy |
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Lytic cycle... |
virus kills host |
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lysogenic cycle... |
virus does not kill host cell, only integrates |
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fungi reproduces... |
asexually |
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bacteriophage... |
virus only affects bacteria |
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nucleus has... |
nucleolus |
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centrioles.. |
eukaryotics involved with spindle fibers. transport chromosomes |
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ribosomes are the site of... |
protein synthesis |
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mitochondria is the... |
cellular powerhouse. chemical reactions of oxidative metabolism. two membranes around it |
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tissue being flexible is called |
protein elastin |
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main cytoskeletal proteins are... |
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments |
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heart muscle supported by the cellular junction is called |
gap junction |
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homostasis relies on |
negative feedback |
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ratio of carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
1:2:1 |
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DNA sequence |
AT CG |
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RNA sequence |
AU CG |
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two types of nucleic acids |
DNA and RNA |
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causes of antibiotic resistance |
over prescribing, not using prescribed drugs, unnecessary antibiotics in agriculture, poor infection control, poor hygiene, lack of lab test |
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lipids are |
triglycerides (saturated and unsaturated), cholesterol, phospholipids |
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nucleotides 3 parts |
five carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base |
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hydrolysis |
water added, covalent bond broken |
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dehydration synthesis |
water taken away. covalent bond formed |
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4 types of macromolecules |
proteins, lipids/fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids |
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Hooke |
described cells in 1665 |
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Schleiden |
cells in plant 1838 |
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Schwann |
cells in animals 1839 |
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DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acids |
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Osmosis |
water moves to higher to lower concentration |
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diffusion |
molecules move higher to lower concentration without energy |
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hypotonic solution. |
low concentration of solute. water diffuses into cell |
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hypertonic solution |
high concentration of solute. water diffuses out of cell |
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isotonic solution |
same concentration of solute. water moves in and out of cell |
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membrane bound nucleus |
eukaryotic |
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organelles in animal cells, used in cell division, spindle fibers |
centrioles |
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nucleus stores ______________ in the cell |
DNA |
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Golgi body |
packaging and processing center, process proteins |
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proteins embedded in _______________________ function to transport material in and out of the _______ |
plasma membrane, cell |
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the organelle is responsible for storing water in the plant cell is |
vacuole |
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plasma membrane is composed of |
phospholipid bi-layer |
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organelle contains its own DNA, energy supplier |
mitochondria |
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enzyme filled organelle for breaking down waste in the cell |
lysosome |
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work bench for the ribosomes |
endoplasmic reticulum |
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major job of the ribosomes |
make proteins |
