Biology Test 4

Front 1

What is a fossil?

Back 1

Any organism or part of an organism preserved in rock or clay.

Front 2

Give two reasons why it is important to find not only a fossil but also the rock layer it was deposited in?

Back 2

To establish the date of the fossil and to establish the relationship of the fossil to other fossils.

Front 3

What are homologous structures?

Back 3

Structures with different functions but the same anatomical design.

Front 4

What are vestigial structures?

Back 4

Homologous structures that function in one species but have no function at all in another.

Front 5

What are analogous structures?

Back 5

Structures that are not anatomically similar but perform the same task.

Front 6

What do analogous structures represent?

Back 6

Convergent evolution.

Front 7

What is radiometric dating based on?

Back 7

Radioactivity decay.

Front 8

What is the estimated age of the Earth?

Back 8

4.6 billion years

Front 9

What are embryological clues to common descent with modification?

Back 9

Fetal tail

Fetal gill slits

Front 10

What is a biochemical clue to am ancient ancestor?

Back 10

An enzyme that is fundamentally the same in all organisms.

Front 11

What are organics macromolecules that suggest common ancestry?

Back 11

DNA

RNA

ATP

Front 12

Natural selection acts on_______________.

Back 12

Individuals

Front 13

Evolution acts on________________.

Back 13

Populations

Front 14

Which part of evolution suggest a design for better animals?

Back 14

None

Front 15

What is the relationship between phenotype, heredity and genotype?

Back 15

Changes in phenotype that can be inherited must have also changed the genotype.

Front 16

What is a population?

Back 16

All the individuals of a species living in one place at one time.

Front 17

The total of all the alleles in a population is called the_______________?

Back 17

Gene pool

Front 18

What causes changes in allele frequency in a population?

Back 18

1) mutation

2) gene flow

3) free genetic drift

4) non-random mating

5) natural selection

Front 19

How does exposure to an antibiotic cause antibiotic resistance?

Back 19

It doesn't.

Front 20

In a population that contains alleles that confer antibiotic resistance, what does exposure to the

antibiotics cause?

Back 20

Change in allele frequency.

Front 21

What is gene flow?

Back 21

Migration between populations.

Front 22

What is the consequence of no gene flow?

Back 22

In-breeding.

Front 23

What is a disadvantage of small populations?

Back 23

Decrease is in population are more likely to change allele frequencies.

Front 24

What is genetic drift?

Back 24

Change in allele frequency due to natural disaster.

Front 25

What are the two types of genetic drift?

Back 25

Bottleneck - occurs after a drastic decline in the population.

Founder effect - with a sub-set is isolated from the main population.

Front 26

What is sexual selection?

Back 26

Choosing mates because of a particular characteristic.

Front 27

If evolution can be said to have a goal, it is__________________?

Back 27

Reproduction

Front 28

What is the cause of competition?

Back 28

Limited resources.

Front 29

What is coevolution?

Back 29

Two species, each of which acts as an agent of natural selection on the other

- usually a predator

- prey relationship.

Front 30

Define the three types of allele frequency change that may occur with a polygenic trait.

Back 30

Directional - favors one extreme over the other.

Stabilizing - favors the average over both extremes.

Disruptive - favors both extremes over the average.

Front 31

What is the point of the peacock's tail?

Back 31

Reproductive advantage.

Front 32

Acquiring another chance mutations to produce reproductive isolation from the former population is called_______________?

Back 32

Speciation

Front 33

The type of isolation that occurs when part of the population moved to a new location is________________?

Back 33

Allopatric

Front 34

What is polyploidy?

Back 34

Failure of cell division after nuclear division.

Front 35

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

Back 35

Micro - change in allele frequency.

Macro - new species.

Front 36

Which of the isolating mechanism produces speciation?

Back 36

Polyploidy.

Front 37

What does produce speciation?

Back 37

Chance mutation.

Front 38

What is temporal isolation?

Back 38

Subgroups of a population mating at different times.

Front 39

What are the usual result of hybridization?

Back 39

Sterility.

Front 40

If an organism is a generalist, what does this imply about the rate of speciation?

Back 40

Low.

Front 41

What is a niche?

Back 41

An opportunity for an organism to make a living.

Front 42

What is adaptive radiation?

Back 42

Rapid speciation to fill newly opened niches.

Front 43

What is the theory of punctuated equilibrium?

Back 43

Evolution usually precedes at a slow, regular pace with catastrophic events can cause it to speed up.

Front 44

What causes extinction?

Back 44

Natural Selection:

- climate change

- habitat change

- evolution and competitors or predators

- over-specialization

Front 45

What is ontogeny?

Back 45

Embryological history of an individual.

Front 46

What is phylogeny?

Back 46

The evolutionary history of a species.

Front 47

A system of classification that attempt to establish evolutionary relationships in to put a date on the appearance of speciation is________________. A system that relates organism solely on their derived characteristics is________________.

Back 47

Classical autonomy

Cladistics