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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Catabolic pathways |
Yields energy by oxidizing organic fuel |
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Fermentation |
Partial degradation of sugar or other organic fuel that occurs without use of oxygen |
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Aerobic reparation |
Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with organic fuel |
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What cells can carry out aerobic reparation |
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Prokaryotes use substance oth we r than oxygen as reactant that harvest chemical energy without oxygen |
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Cellular respiration |
Refers to aerobic processes |
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C6H12O6+6O=6CO2+6H2O+ energy (ATP + heat ) |
Exergonic |
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Catabolic pathways do not directly move fagella,pump solutes across membranes, polymerize monomers, or perform other cellular work. Catabolism is linked to a drive shaft called |
ATP |
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In order for a cell to keep working it must |
Regenerate it supply of ATP from ADP and P |
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How do the catabolic pathways that decompose glucose and other organic fuels yield energy |
The relocation of electrons releases energy stored in organic molecules, and this energy ultimately is used to synthesize ATP |
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In many chemical reactions , there is a transfer of one or more electrons. These electron transfers are called |
Oxidation reduction or redox for short |
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In the redox reaction, the loss of electrons from one substance is called |
Oxidation |
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In the redox reaction the addition of electron is called |
Reduction |
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Adding negative charged electors to an atom |
Reduces the amount of positive change of that atom |
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Electron donor is called |
A reducing agent |
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The electron acceptor is called |
A oxidizing agent |
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Not all redox reactions involve the complete transfer of electrons from one substance to another |
Some change the degree of electron sharing in covalent bonds |
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The hydrogen atoms are not transfered directly to oxygen but instead passed first to an electron carrier called |
A coenzyme called NAD |
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
A derivative of the vitamin niacin |
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Why is NAD well suited as an electron carrier |
Because it can cycle easily between oxidized ( NAD) and reduced ( NADH) states |
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Stepwise energy harvest via |
NAD+ |
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How does NAD trap electrons from glucose and the other organic molecules in food |
Enzymes called dehydrogenase remove a pair of hydrogen atoms(2 electrons and 2 protons ) from the substrate thereby oxidizing it. The enzyme delivers the two electron along with 1 proton to its coenzyme NAD. The other proton is released as a hydrogen ion (H+ )into surrounding solution |
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What loses very little of their potential energy when they are transferred from glucose toNAD+ |
Electrons |
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Each NADH molecule formed during respiration represents |
Stored energy |
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When the electrons complete their fall in a series of steps down an energy gradient from NADH to oxygen |
This energy can be tapped to make ATP |
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In cellular respiration the hydrogen that reacts with oxygen is derived from |
Organic molecules |
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Cellular respiration uses an electron transport chain to |
Break the fall of electrons to oxygen into several energy releasing steps |
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Consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of the respiring prokaryotes |
Electron transport chain |
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What are the 3 metabolic stages of Cellular respiration |
Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle ,and oxidative phosphorylation |
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FAD |
Can carry 2 e and 2 p or 2 e 2 hydrogen |
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Oxidation |
Under goes oxidation or oxidized lose of e |
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Reduction |
Gains e |
