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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Heredity
the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
What is actually inherited by offspring?
Genes
Variation
unit shows that offspring differ in appearance from parents and siblings
One parent produces genetically identical offspring, what is this called?
mitosis
Sexual reproduction
two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
Heredity Units
Genes (Our genes are what program us for specific traits)
gametes
reproductive cells that transmit genes from one generation to the next
the two chromosomes composing a pair that have the same length, centromere, position, and staining pattern.
homologous chromosomes
the 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex are called
autosomes
________ are called X and Y
the sex chromosomes
How many chromosomes arranged in pairs does each human somatic cell contain?
46 chromosomes
What is a somatic cell?
any cell other than a gamete
diploid ( )
diploid (2n) - a cell with two sets
What is the diploid number for humans?
46, 2n=46
haploid cells containing only one set of chromosomes
gametes
What is the haploid number for humans?
humans, n=23)
What is the start of the human life cycle?
when a haploid sperm from the father fuses with a haploid egg from the mother.
The resulting fertilized egg called a _______ is diploid because it contains two _________ set
Zygote is diploid because it contains two haploid sets
Mitosis of the zygote and all of its descendents generates all of the ______ cells in the body
somatic
The only types of human cells produces by meiosis, rather than mitosis
Gametes
results in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes
Meiosis I
results in four haploid daughter cells with unreplicated chromosomes
Meiosis II
How many chromosomes does each daughter cell have in relationship to the parent cell?
Each daughter cell has have as many chromosomes as the parent cell
when _______________ chromosomes may cross over one another
non sister chromosomes
What are the stages of meiosis I
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase, I, Telophase, I
-splitting homologous pairs
-pairs line up = synapsis
occurs in a diploid parent cell

What stage?
Prophase I