Biology Test 3

Front 1

Which gases were the main gases in Early Earth?

Back 1

Methane
Ammonia
Hydrogen
Water Vapour

Front 2

Which gases were not present in Early Earth?

Back 2

Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Front 3

What were the implications of organic molecules in the origin of the Earth?

Back 3

75% of interstellar molecules were organic, however it was agreed that they could only exist under certain conditions.

Front 4

Describe the theory of panspermia

Back 4

Panspermia is a theory that origin of life on earth was through meteorites which hit the earth. In 1970's some of these meteorites were found to contain amino acids, the building block of life.

Front 5

What may this theory not be true?

Back 5

Some scientists believe that life could not thrive on a meteorite for thousands of years and also could not survive the impact faced when the meteorite crashes to the Earth.

Front 6

What was Haldane and Oparin's Theory?

Back 6

They believed that life started as a result of the conditions present in Early Earth. They believed that the lightning in the earth reacted with the molecules to form life.

Front 7

What was the theory of sea vents?

Back 7

The theory that life started in deep sea vents was unlikely however people could not explore it as the conditions were too rough.

Front 8

What was Urey and Millers Experiment?

Back 8

Urey and Miller conducted the experiment in which they send electrical currents into a flask containing methane, hydrogen, ammonia and water and after a week discovered that amino acids had formed.

Front 9

Identify changes in technology which have assisted to understanding the origins of life on Earth.

Back 9

-Deep sea equipment allows for exploration of remote locations such as deep sea trenches.
-Infrared observations allow us to observe evidence from space
-Electron Microscope allow us to observe microscopic fossils to compare with existing life.

Front 10

List major stage of evolutions of living things:

Back 10

-Organic Molecules
-Membranes
-Heterotrophic Procaryote
-Autotrophic Prokaryote
-Eucaryotes
-Colonial Organisms
-Multicellular Organisms

Front 11

List Paleontological Evidence the life started on earth.

Back 11

-fossils resembling cyanobacteria found in stromatolites that are 3.5 billion years in Australia and Africa.
-(find more )

Front 12

List Geological Evidence that life started on earth.

Back 12

-Ancient rocks which contain chemical evidence that the metabolism of stromatolites was underway
-Banded Iron formations give an idea as to when oxygen started to build up in the environment.

Front 13

Why was the shaft from anoxic to an oxic environment significant?

Back 13

-Aerobic organisms were able to use energy more efficiently through respiration
-Greater metabolic activity become possible, leading to larger and more complex organisms.
-Oxygen buildup in the atmosphere created the ozone layer, protects life from harmful UV rays.

Front 14

Describe some cultural conflicts about the origin of earth.

Back 14

-Aboriginal people believed supernatural beings existed in the dreamtime and created the earth.
-Creationists believe that God created all life on earth at once with no change over time.
-Science believe in evolution and Darwin's theory.

Front 15

Archaebacteria

Back 15

-Hostile Environments
-Carries out inorganic reactions for chemical energy.

Front 16

Eubacteria

Back 16

-All habitats
-Known for the diseases they carry
-Plays a vital role in recycling the ecosystem

Front 17

Cyanobacteria

Back 17

-Mainly in Marine Environments
-Carries out photosyntesis

Front 18

Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria

Back 18

-Live mutualistically on roots of legume plants
-Converts nitrogen into ammonium ions that can be converted into amino acids in the plants

Front 19

Methanogens

Back 19

-Anaerobic Environments
-Use hydrogen compounds and carbon dioxide toproduce energy for themselves and release methane as a waste product

Front 20

Deep Sea Bacteria

Back 20

-Boiling undersea vents of volcanoes
-Basis of food web, derive energy from sulphur compounds.

Front 21

Why do scientist classify organisms

Back 21

-allows organism to be quickly and accurately described
-Allows newly discovered organisms to be categorised
-Enables trends to be observed between groups
-helps to identify relationships and establish evolutionary pathways

Front 22

Levels of Classification:

Back 22

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Front 23

What are the effects of technological advancements on the biological classification systems?

Back 23

-Enabled us to make comparisons at cellular and molecular levels. ( This is thanks to Biochemical techniques which allow us to obtain sequences of animo acids.)

Front 24

What are abiotic factors? Give Examples:

Back 24

Abiotic factors are those which are non living such as
- Sunlight
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Soil Conditions

- Oxygen Availability
- Water

Front 25

What are biotic factors? Give Examples:

Back 25

Biotic factors are those which are living such as:

-Availability and abundance of food
-Birth and Death Rates
-Number of predators and competitors
-Number of mates available
-Number and Variety of Diseases

Front 26

What is photosynthesis?

Back 26

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water to make glucose through the use of sunlight.

Front 27

What is respiration?

Back 27

Respiration is the process in which organic molecules are broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water and energy is released ( ATP )