Biology Test #3

Front 1

Ecosystems

Back 1

A community + nonliving factors with which the community interacts
Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains

Front 2

Abiotic Factors

Back 2

Temperature
Water
Salinity
Sunlight
Rocks/soil

Front 3

Climate

Back 3

Abiotic factors: temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind
Macroclimate vs. microclimate
Global climate patterns
Proximity to bodies of water or other topographic features create regional climatic variation.

Front 4

Biomes

Back 4

Major groups of plants and animals that occur over a wide geographic area
Have distinctive characteristics due to combinations of rainfall and temperature

Front 5

Terrestrial Biomes

Back 5

Terrestrial biomes can be characterized by distribution, precipitation, temperature, plants, and animals

Front 6

Tropical Rain Forest

Back 6

High rainfall
Constant temperatures
Stratification of forest
Competition for light
High number of species

Front 7

Coniferous forest

Back 7

Taiga
Cold temperatures
Freezing winter
Migratory birds/mammals

Front 8

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Back 8

Broadleaf forest
Shed leaves in winter
Freezing winter

Front 9

Tundra

Back 9

Short growing season
Soils often frozen
Dwarf plants

Front 10

Tundra

Back 10

covers expansive areas of the Arctic; alpine tundra exists on high mountaintops at all latitudes
Winters are long and cold while summers are relatively cool; precipitation varies

Front 11

Permafrost

Back 11

a permanently frozen layer of soil, prevents water infiltration
Vegetation is herbaceous (mosses, grasses, forbs, dwarf shrubs and trees, and lichen) and supports birds, grazers, and their predators

Front 12

Chaparral

Back 12

Seasonal rainfall
Hot summers, cool the rest of the year
Shrubs and small trees, grasses
Drought and fire tolerant

Front 13

Grassland

Back 13

Seasonally high rainfall (dry winters/wet summers)
Cold winters/ hot summers
Grasses and forbs
Drought and fire adaptations
grazers

Front 14

Savanna

Back 14

Seasonal rainfall
Warm year-round
Herbivores
Grasses and thorny trees

Front 15

Desert

Back 15

Precipitation is low and highly variable, generally less than 30 cm per year; deserts may be hot or cold
Desert plants are adapted for heat and desiccation tolerance, water storage, and reduced leaf surface area
Common desert animals include many kinds of snakes and lizards, scorpions, ants, beetles, migratory and resident birds, and seed-eating rodents; many are nocturnal

Front 16

Aquatic Biomes

Back 16

physical environment,
chemical environment,
geological features,
photosynthetic organisms, and
heterotrophs

Front 17

Lakes
Standing bodies of water

Back 17

Oligotrophic lakes are nutrient-poor and generally oxygen-rich
Eutrophic lakes are nutrient-rich and often depleted of oxygen if ice covered in winter
Rooted and floating aquatic plants live in the shallow and well-lighted littoral zone

Front 18

Estuaries

Back 18

An estuary is a transition area between river and sea
Salinity varies with the rise and fall of the tides
Estuaries are nutrient rich and highly productive
An abundant supply of food attracts marine invertebrates and fish

Front 19

Characteristics of Fishes

Back 19

Gills
Vertebral column (bone or cartilage)
Single loop blood circulation
A nutritional deficiency

Front 20

Jawless Fish

Back 20

Lamprey
Hagfish

Front 21

CARTILAGINOUS FISHES

Back 21

Cartilage not bone for skeleton
Sharks, skates, & rays

Front 22

CLASS AMPHIBIA

Back 22

FROGS & TOADS
SALAMANDERS

Legs
Cutaneous respiration
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
Partially divided heart

Front 23

SALAMANDERS

Back 23

Tailed amphibia
Carnivorous larvae & adult

Front 24

Anura

Back 24

Frogs & Toads
~3450 species
No tail
Herbivorous larvae
Carnivorous adult

Front 25

Reptiles

Back 25

Amniotic egg
Dry skin
Thoracic breathing (expand/contract rib cage)

Front 26

Class Aves
Birds

Back 26

feathers
flight skeletons

Front 27

Class MammaliaMammals

Back 27

Mammary glands
Hair
Middle ear (3 middle ear bones)

Front 28

3 Reproduction Patterns

Back 28

Egg-Laying Monotremes
Pouched Marsupials
Placental Mammals

Front 29

Phylum Porifera: Sponges

Back 29

No true tissues

Front 30

Phylum Cnidaria:

Back 30

Jellyfish & Hydra
Radial Symmetry

Front 31

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Solid Worms

Back 31

Bilateral Symmetry
No Body Cavity
Flatworms, Flukes, and Tapeworms

Front 32

Advent of Body Cavity

Back 32

Aids in
Circulation
Movement
Organ function

Front 33

Pseudocoelomate

Back 33

Nematoda (Roundworms)
Rotifera (Rotifers)

Front 34

Phylum: Molluscaclams, snails

Back 34

Coelom
No segmentation
Includes:
Gastropods (snails and slugs)
Bivalves
Cephalopods (octopuses and squid)

Front 35

Segmentation

Back 35

series of similar segments that make up a body

In Annelids, Arthropods, & Chordates

Front 36

Phylum Annelida:Segmented worms

Back 36

Coelom
Segmentation

Includes: earthworms, polychaetes, & leeches

Front 37

Phylum Arthropoda:Crustaceans and insects

Back 37

Segmentation
Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton

Front 38

Chelicerates

Back 38

Trilobites
Horseshoe crabs
Spiders
Ticks & mites
Scorpions

Front 39

Mandibulate Arthropods

Back 39

Crustaceans
Millipedes & centipedes
Insects

Front 40

Protostome

Back 40

Protostome—an animal in whose embryonic development exhibits spiral cleavage and the mouth forms from the blastopore. Coelom forms from mesoderm

Front 41

Deuterostome

Back 41

an animal in whose embryonic development exhibits radial cleavage and the anus forms from the blastopore. The coelom forms from outpouchings of the archenteron

Front 42

Phylum Echinodermata

Back 42

Deuterostomes
Endoskeleton

Front 43

WHAT DEFINES A CHORDATE?

Back 43

NOTOCHORD
PHARYNGEAL GILL SLITS
NERVE CORD
POSTANAL TAIL

Front 44

Nonvertebrate Chordates

Back 44

NO CRANIUM
NO VERTEBRAE

tunicates, sea squirts

Front 45

Vertebrate Chordates

Back 45

Backbone
Cranium (head with a skull and brain)

Front 46

Vertebrates

Back 46

FISH
AMPHIBIANS
REPTILES
BIRDS
MAMMALS