Biology Test 2 (Part 1)

Front 1

Sexual reproduction

Back 1

Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from two parents and inherit genes from both.

Front 2

meiosis

Back 2

Nuclear division process that halves the chromosome number. Basis of sexual reproduction.

Front 3

Somatic

Back 3

Relating to the body

Front 4

Alleles

Back 4

Froms of a gene with slightly different DNA sequences; may encode slightly different versions of the gene's first product.

Front 5

Gametes

Back 5

Mature, haploid reproductive cell; e.g., an egg or a sperm

Front 6

Germ Cells

Back 6

Immature reproductive cell that gives rise to haploid gametes when it divides.

Front 7

Fertilization

Back 7

Fusion of two gametes to form a zygote.

Front 8

Zygote

Back 8

Diploid cell formed by fusion of two gametes; the first cell of a new individual.

Front 9

GAMETES FERTILIZATION ZYGOTE

Back 9

The fusion of two haploid GAMETES during FERTILIZATION restores the parental chromosome number in the ZYGOTE.

Front 10

Prophase I (Meiosis)

Back 10

Chromosomes condense and align tightly with their homologous partners.

Front 11

Crossing Over

Back 11

Microtubules extending from the spindle poles penetrate the nuclear region and attach to one or the other chromosome of each homologous pair.

Front 12

Metaphase I

Back 12

All chromosomes are lined up at the spindle equator

Front 13

Anaphase I

Back 13

Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite spindle poles.

Front 14

Telophase I

Back 14

Two nuclei form and at this point the cytoplasm may divide

Front 15

Sporophyte

Back 15

Diploid, spore producing stage of a plant life cycle.

Front 16

Gametophytes

Back 16

A haploid, multi-celled body in which gametes form during the life cycle of land plants and some algae

Front 17

Sperm

Back 17

Mature male haploid gametes

Front 18

Eggs

Back 18

Mature female haploid gametes, or ovum

Front 19

Nondisjunction

Back 19

Failure of sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to separate during nuclear division

Front 20

aneuploidy

Back 20

a chromosome abnormality in which an individual's cells carry too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome.

Front 21

Polyploid

Back 21

Having three or more of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species.

Front 22

Asexual Reproduction

Back 22

Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from a single parent only

Front 23

Sexual Reproduction

Back 23

Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from two parents and inherit genes from both

Front 24

Hermaphrodites

Back 24

Animal that produces both eggs and sperm, either simultaneously or at different times in its life.

Front 25

External Fertilization

Back 25

Sperm and eggs are released into the external environment and meet there.

Front 26

Internal Fertilization

Back 26

A female retains eggs in her body and sperm fertilize them there.

Front 27

Placenta

Back 27

Organ that allows diffusion between the bloodstream of a developing placental mammal and its mother.