Biology Test 2 New

Front 1

Endocrine Gland

Back 1

Secretes its products directly into the bloodstream

Ex: Thyroid/Immuno Glands

Front 2

Hormones

Back 2

A chemical messenger secreted by a part of the body for a metabolic process

Front 3

Exocrine Gland

Back 3

Secretes its products through ducts

Ex: Sweat Gland/Salivary Glands

Front 4

The 2 Types of hormones and differences

Back 4

Steroids - Fat soluble, can penetrate cell membranes
Have receptors on cytoplasm

Polypeptides - Cannot penetrate cell membranes,
Have receptors on cell membrane

Front 5

Lock and Key Fit

Back 5

One Hormone, One Receptor

Front 6

G proteins

Where did that name come from

Back 6

Switching proteins, turns things on or off

They are called G proteins because they are powered by GTP

Front 7

Adenylate Cyclase

Back 7

A CAMP second messenger

Changes ATP to CAMP

Front 8

Function of Polypeptide Hormones (2)

Back 8

Maintains Homeostasis - Growth, BMR, Body Temp, BP, Salt water balance, through second messenger

Triggers Transcription - Production of new cells

Front 9

Function of Steroid Hormones(1)

Back 9

Also tied in with Transcription

Front 10

Pars Nervosa

Back 10

Neurons that fills up Posterior Pituitary

Also another name for Posterior Pituitary

Front 11

Difference between Post and Anterior Pituitary

Back 11

Post is filled up with Neurons

Anterior has no neurons. Hypothalamus controls Anterior Pituitary through Strong capillary connection.

Front 12

-RF

Back 12

Releasing factors that grant permission to release a hormone

Front 13

-IF

Back 13

Inhibitory factor that shuts off the release of a hormone.

Front 14

Hormones produced by Posterior Pituitary and their function (2)

Back 14

ADH - Anti Diuretic Hormone, Increases Kidney re-absorbtion of water.

Oxytocin - Starts Uterary Contraction for Childbirth

Front 15

What is Thyroxine made of; made from; and functions.

Back 15

Made of Thyrosine and Iodine

Produced from the Thyroid Gland

Affects Mitochondria to generate heat

Front 16

What is the difference between T3 and T4?

Back 16

T3 has 3 Iodine
T4 has 4 Iodine

Front 17

Why do most commercial Salt contain Iodine?

Back 17

Because Iodine is not available everywhere

Front 18

What does low Iodine cause ___?

Back 18

Enlargment of the Tyroid Gland, A.K.A Goiter

Front 19

A decrease in Thyroid Gland activity means ____?

Back 19

No Hormone Production

Front 20

Hypothyroid in young children

Back 20

Cretin - Mental Retardation

Front 21

Hyperthyroid

Back 21

Physical Exhastion/ High BMR

Front 22

Graves Disease

Back 22

Eyes bulge out

Front 23

Autoimmune

Back 23

Production of antibodies against yourself

Front 24

Layers of the Adrenal Gland

Back 24

Cortex
Medulla

Front 25

Function of Adrenal Cortex

Back 25

Production of Cortisone controlled by Pituitary

Aldosterone - Controlled by Kidney

Front 26

Function of Medulla

Back 26

Production of Adrenalin - Controlled by sympathetic nervous system

Front 27

Function of Cortisone (3)

Back 27

1. Stress Hormone that shifts body to fat Metabolism, leaving glucose for Nervous system, AKA Glucose -Sparing effect.

2. Acts to reduce inflammation, swelling

3. Increases permeability of capillaries to water

Front 28

Somatomedian

Back 28

Hormone which feeds back to Hypothalamus to shut off Growth Hormone

Front 29

PTH, Produced in_____ , Function

Back 29

Parathyroid hormone produced in the Parathyroid Gland

Raises Blood Calcium Level

Front 30

Calcitonin produced in _____, Function

Back 30

Produced by C cells of Thyroid Gland,

Lowers Blood Calcium level

Front 31

Calcium Ion Set Point
Too High? Too Low?

Back 31

Normal point of Calcium Concentration

Too high - Realease of Calcitonin by C cells

Too Low - Release of PTH by The Parathyroid

Front 32

Bone OsteoBlasts

Back 32

Take Calcium out of Blood and deposits into Bone

Front 33

Bone OsteoClasts

Back 33

Take Calcium from bone and Puts back into Blood Stream

Front 34

Effects of PTH (2)

Back 34

Makes Osteoclasts release Calcium

Combined with Vitamin D produces Calcitrol, which makes small intestines absorb calcium

Front 35

Islets of Langerhans
(Cells)

Back 35

Pink dots on Pancreas

1)Beta Cells - Produce Insulin

2) Alpha cells - Produce Glucagon

Front 36

Effects of Insulin (5)

Back 36

1. Cause Liver to store Sugar as Glycogen

2. Cause cells to uptake sugar

3. Use Sugar for energy

4. Protein Synthesis

5. Growth (Receptor will cause transport proteins to bring in more sugar.

Front 37

Cause of uncontrollable Cell division

Back 37

Unauthorized crossing of G1 Gate.

Front 38

Somatomedian Molecules are often called ______

Back 38

Insulin Like Growth Factors

Front 39

Diabetes Mellitus
Type I
Type II

Back 39

I) Juvenile Diabetes - caused by Autoimmune, T-Cells attack B-Cells, resulting in no insulin production

II) Genetic, tied in with Over weight, Over 40, with family history. Caused by Disfunctioned or Disappeared Receptors. B cells give up production of ATP and UCP will appear in Mitochondria for heat.

Front 40

Diabetes Insipidus

Back 40

Lack of ADH, causing high Urine Volume

Front 41

Services that Ocean provides for animal / Circulatory system (6)(*1)

Back 41

Maintains:
PH
Osmotic Pressure
Temperature
Provide O2 take away CO2
Provide Food & take wastes
Transport

*** Circulatory system also fights infection

Front 42

Open & Closed Circulatory Systems

Back 42

Open - Blood is in Vessels & Body cavities

Closed - Blood is in Vessels 24/7

Front 43

Three classes with Open Circulatory Systems - Which carries O2 in Blood?

Back 43

Class Insecta/Phylum Arthropod
Class Crustacea - O2 in Blood
Class Arachnida

Front 44

What is Phylum Annelida - What type of Circulation

Back 44

Segmented round worms
-Closed Circulation

Front 45

What are Class Teleosti, What type of circuit circulation?

Back 45

Bony Fish
Single Circuit Circulation

Front 46

How do Fish support Gills? What runs through them?

Back 46

6 Bones support gills
Each gill arch has artery running through it.

Front 47

Comes with the advent of Lungs

Back 47

2x Circulation, Adaptation to land

Front 48

Amphibian Lung provides ___ % and Skin provides ____ % of Oxygen needed?

Back 48

Lung provides 40%
Skin Provides 60%

Front 49

Phylogenic Tree

Back 49

Teleosti - 2 Chamber 1x Circuit
Amphibia - 3 Chamber 2x Circuit
Reptile - 3 Chamber

Alligator, Bird, Mammal - 4 Chamber 2x Circuit

Front 50

Structure of Arteries and Veins (3)

Back 50

1. Outer Connective Tissue
2. Middle Smoth Muscle
3. Inner Simple squamous Epithelium. AKA Endothelium

Front 51

SemiLunar Valve

Back 51

Valves in middle of heart going out

Front 52

Mitral Valve (Bicuspid)
Tricuspid valve

Back 52

Mitral is valve of Left side
Tricuspid is valve of Right side of Heart

Front 53

Chordae Tendonae

Back 53

Support for Mitral (Bicuspid) & Tricuspid Valves

Front 54

Cardiac Cycle (2)

Back 54

Systole - Contraction

Diastole - Rest

Front 55

Diastasis

Back 55

Resting Point, Semilunar Closed
Mitra, Tricuspid Open
Heart fills Passively w/ Blood

Front 56

Atrial Systole

Back 56

Same as Diastasis, but rest of blood is pumped into Ventricle

Front 57

Ventricular Systol

Back 57

Bicuspid, Tricuspid Closed
Semilunar open, Blood is pumped through Aorta & Pulmonary Artery

Front 58

Sino Atrial Node

Back 58

Pace Maker of Heart beats at 110 beats / sec (slowed down by Acetylchonline)
Made of Specialized Heart Muscles Fibers

Front 59

Atrial Ventricular Node

Back 59

Recieves action potential from Sino Atrial Node

Sends signal to Bundle of His

Signals end with Purkinje Fibers

Front 60

Vagus Nerve

Back 60

Secretes Acetylcholine to Slow down Sino Atrial Node

Front 61

Sympathetic Nervous System Secretes ______

Back 61

Nora Epinephrine

Front 62

Electro Cardiogram
PQRST

Back 62

P - Potential on SA node (Right before Atrial Systole)

QRS - Action Potential on Ventricles (QRS just before Ventricular Systole)

T - Ventricle returning to resting potential

Front 63

IP3

Back 63

Works on endoplamic reticulum and Smooth Muscle to open calcium gates (releases Calcium)