Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Energy
|
Capacity to do work, stored in chemical bonds
|
|
|
OIL
|
Oxidation is Loss of electrons
|
|
|
RIG
|
Reduction is gaining electrons
|
|
|
1st Law of Thermodynamics
|
energy cannot be created or destroyed only converted from one form to another (sunlight (photon) to chemical energy (bonds))
|
|
|
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
|
disorder (entropy) is more likely than order
|
|
|
Free energy
|
energy available to do work
|
|
|
Endergonic reaction
|
reaction requiring an input of energy. Delta G is +
|
|
|
Exergonic reaction
|
a reaction that releases free energy. Delta G is -
|
|
|
Activation energy
|
the extra energy needed to get a reaction started
|
|
|
Catalyst
|
substances that lower activation energy. (enzyme)
|
|
|
ATP
|
Adenosine Triphosphate - energy currency of the cell
Most energy becomes heat. base, 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group. The amount of ATP we produce daily is the same as our body weight. |
|
|
Enzymes
|
molecules that catalyze reactions. most are proteins, not changed or consumed by reaction
|
|
|
Substrate
|
molecule that will undergo a reaction
|
|
|
Active site
|
region of enzyme that binds to substrate (binding of enzyme to substrate cause enzyme to change shape for better fit)
|
|
|
Inhibitors
|
compete with substrate for acive site
|
|
|
Noncompetitive inhibitors
|
bind to other than active site
|
|
|
Allosteric inhibitors
|
bind to allosteric site to activate enzyme or leave to deactivate enzyme. Either turns on or off (light switch)
|
|
|
Metabolism
|
all chemical reactions in an organism
|
|
|
Anabolism
|
expend energy
|
|
|
Catabolism
|
harvest energy
|
|
|
Cofactor
|
helps enzymes work. usually metal ions or vitamins
|
|
|
Coenzyme
|
organic molecules (vitamins)
|
|
|
Biochemical pathway
|
series of reactions in which product of one reaction is substrate for the next. Regulated by feedback inhibition (allosteric inhibitors)
|
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
energy associated with motion
|
|
|
Potential energy
|
energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure, we can change this
|
|
|
Energy coupling
|
cells manage energy resources, most is mediated by ATP
|
|
|
Phosphorylation
|
we get rid of the phosphates
|
|
|
The effect of an enzyme on activation energy
|
without affecting the free energy change for a reaction, an enzyme speeds the reaction by reducing its activation energy (cuts it in 1/2)
|
