Biology Test 2 Chapter 31 Fungi

Front 1

what are secrete hydrolytic enzymes that degrade complex organic matter into simpler forms that can be absorbed called?

Back 1

exoenzymes

Front 2

what do fungi include?

Back 2

decomposers (saprobes), parasites, mutulisitc symbionts.

Front 3

what fungi are unicellular? are all fungi unicellular?

Back 3

Yeasts, no some are multi

Front 4

what is an interwoven mar of filaments that surround s and can infltrate the food source called?

Back 4

mycelium

Front 5

What are the individual filaments of the mycelium called?

Back 5

hyphae

Front 6

what does septae mean?

Back 6

have a cross wall

Front 7

what does aseptate mean

Back 7

no crosswalls, a continuous mass of cytoplasm and nuclei

Front 8

what are hyphae s specific functions?

Back 8

trapping and kiling prey, haustoria-hyphae that penetrate a host

Front 9

what are hyphae that penetrate a host called>

Back 9

haustoria

Front 10

What is it called when fungi and plant shave mutulistic relationship? what do each do?

Back 10

mycorrhizae fungi- supply mineral to the plant. plant- supplies orangic nutrients

Front 11

what are the products of meiosis in fungi?

Back 11

spores, not gametes

Front 12

what are fungi called that have no known sexual stage>

Back 12

dueteromycetes or fungi imperfecti

Front 13

IN sexual reproduction, the hyphae from 2 seperate organisms release different ________

Back 13

pheromones (sex hormones), binds to receptors on opposite mating types' surface. The receptor signals cell growth

Front 14

what is it called when 2 different hyphae fuse? what does it produce

Back 14

plasmogamy, zygote

Front 15

what is it called when 2 haploid nuclei fuse? what does this reslult in?

Back 15

karyogamy, diploid nucleus

Front 16

what clade and group are animals, fungi, and their protist relatives and ancestors in?

Back 16

opisthookont, unikont

Front 17

what is a fungal mycelium that contains 2 or more haploid nuclei per cell called?

Back 17

heterokaryon

Front 18

what are fungi related to?

Back 18

unicellular nuclearids

Front 19

what are animals related to?

Back 19

unicellular choanoflagellates

Front 20

The ancestors of fungi and animals both evolved from a common_________ _________ ancestor

Back 20

flagellated unicellular

Front 21

Are nucleariids fungi?

Back 21

no they are PROTISTS

Front 22

what fungi have flagellated spores?

Back 22

chytrids

Front 23

flagellated spores on chytrids are called what?

Back 23

zoospores

Front 24

what group of fungi are paraphyletic? some are parasites

Back 24

chytrids

Front 25

Rhizopus is a black bread mold part of what group of fungi?

Back 25

zygomycetes

Front 26

what is the name for a bulbous structure that produces haploid spores called? what group of fungi is this?

Back 26

sporangia, zygomycetes

Front 27

where do karyogamy and meiosis occur in the sexual reproduction of zygomycetes?

Back 27

zygosporangium

Front 28

what clade of fungi has only 160 species? 90% of all pplants have a symbiotic relationship with this clade.

Back 28

glomeromycetes

Front 29

what is a arbuscular mycorrizae?

Back 29

specilized mycorrhizae in glomeromycetes. they penetrate the plant cells and form shrub like structures called arbuscules.

Front 30

what is the defining feature of ascomycetes?

Back 30

ascus- sac that produces 8 sexual spores. it projects out from the mycelium

Front 31

what is the nick named for ascomycetes?

Back 31

sac filled fungi

Front 32

where is the sight for karyogmay and meiosis in ascomycetes?

Back 32

in the ascus

Front 33

what happens in the asexual phase of ascomycetes?

Back 33

conidia form on the tips od specilaized hyphae

Front 34

cup fungi, morels, yeasts, some molds are in what clade?

Back 34

ascomycete

Front 35

what ascomycete is used in research, grows on bread, grows on forest floors after fire, and has a 24 hour circadian rhythm, respond to red light

Back 35

Neurospora

Front 36

what group includes mushrooms, some mold, mycorrhizae, plant pathogens?

Back 36

basdiomycetes

Front 37

What is the transient diploid stae which has a club shape

Back 37

basidium

Front 38

is asexual prominent in basidiomycetes?

Back 38

no

Front 39

what are fungi important in ecosystms?

Back 39

they break down organic material- including cellulose and lignin from plant walls. symbionts with plants

Front 40

what ae photosynthetic cyanobacteria or green alage withina fungal mass called?

Back 40

lichens

Front 41

where do lichens grow?

Back 41

rocks, rotting logs, trees, roofs

Front 42

what disease is caused by an ascomycete, carried by bark beetles, and has destroyed billions of chestnut tress in eastern us?

Back 42

dutch elm disease

Front 43

what does an ergot do?i

Back 43

infects rye, toxin ends up in flourand causes ergotism. hallucinations, nervous spasms and gangrene

Front 44

what are fungal animal pathogens called?

Back 44

mycosis

Front 45

give an example of a skin infection and a systemic infection cause by fungal animal pathogens. what do mycosis mean

Back 45

athletes foot- ascomycete
coccidiomycosis. means fungal infection

Front 46

what causes yeast infections?and thrush in babies?

Back 46

candidalbicans

Front 47

what is saccharomyces cervisae?

Back 47

bakers and brwers yeast