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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genes
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A Specific sequence of DNA that encodes a specific protein.
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Somatic Cells
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Cells in the body, not reporductive cells; Diploid
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Gamete
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Reproductive cells
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Alleles
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Different types of the same gene. (Dominant I and Recessive i)
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Homozygous
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Two alleles that are exactly the same. (Blood type ii or II)
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Codominance
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When two dominants gene types(alleles) are shared and show both phenotypes(characteristics)
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Punnett Square
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A tool used to help predict the results of genetic crosses.
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Polygenic
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More than 2 genes affecting a single phenotype(physical trait)
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1st Law of Thermodynamics
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Conservation of energy
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics
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Increase in entropy
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Photosynthesis(part 1 of 2)
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Light Dependent Reaction
Occurs in Chlorolasts: Thylakoid Disc Inputs: Photons and Water Products: ATP and NADPH |
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Photosynthesis(part 2 of 2)
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Light Independent reaction
Also known as Calvin-Benson Cycle. Occurs in Chloroplasts: The Stroma Inputs: Carbon Dioxide Output: Glucose |
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Cellular Respiration(Part 1 of 3)
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Glycolysis
Inputs: 2 ATP Products: 4 ATP and Pyruvate |
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Cellular Respiration(Part 2a of 3)
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Occurs in Matrix in the Mitochondria
Kreb's Cycle(Aerobic) Input: Acetyl and CoA Byproduct: Carbon Dioxide Product: NADH, FADH2, ATP |
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Cellular Respiration(Part2b of 3)
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Anaerobic fermentation
Input: Pyruvate Byproduct: Carbon Dioxide Product: ATP |
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Cellular Respiration(Part 3 of 3)
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Occurs in Inner Membrane of Mitochondria
Inputs: Oxygen Byproduct:Water Product: 32-34 ATP |
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Red Muscle
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Lots of capillaries and mitochondria, sustained aerobic activities.
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White Muscle
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Quick bursts of energy, not many capillaries and mitochondria.
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Why are plant's green?
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Only absorb visible light and least light color used is green.
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Energy
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The amount of work that can be performed by force
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Types of energy
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Kinetic
Potential Gravitational Light Sound Electromagnetic Thermal Elasti |
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Mitosis
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Growth of the organism. adding cells. (Everywhere except in testicles and ovaries)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis |
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Meiosis
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Growth of reproduction cells, strictly through gametes. (Occurs in ovaries and testicles)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and cytokinesis, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2 and cytokinesis. |
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Sister Chromatids
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identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere
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Homologous
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•corresponding or similar in position or structure or function or characteristics; especially derived from an organism of the same species
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Haploid
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1 set of chromosomes
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Diploid
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2 sets of chromosomes
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Random assortment
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"Boy and Girl" chromosomes in the middle on either side of the line in no particular order.
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Crossover
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"Arms" or "legs" being caught in the other side of the line when pulled to opposite side.
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Random mixing of Gametes
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Varies genetic information
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Nondisjunction
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Not being pulled apart. Example: extra chromosome not pulled apart creates Down's Syndrome.
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Asexual Production
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Requires no mate. Slow to evolve.
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Sexual Production
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Requiring another mate of the opposite sex. Good for evolution
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Red Queen Hypothesis
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Sexuall reproducing organisms constantly evolving to survive parasites and parasites constantly evolving to outdue them.
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