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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of death in the world?
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heart disease
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how many people are affected by heard disease?
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40 million people
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What is the CVS otherwise called?
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circulatory system
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What pumps blood to move it throughout the body?
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heart
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What forms a piping system to contain the blood and direct the blood to various parts of the body?
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vessels
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What are the two pathways that the blood vessels form?
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the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit
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what does the pulmonary circuit do?
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delivers blood to the lungs and back to the heart
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what does the systemic circuit do?
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delivers blood to the body and back to the heart
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What kind of circulatory system do we have?
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closed
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where is the heart located?
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the thoracic cavity
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The vessels supplying blood to the heard muscle are called ___ arteries & ___ veins.
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coronary, cardiac
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how many chambers is the human heart?
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4
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what are the chambers of the heart called?
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right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
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Where does the right heart pump send blood to?
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the lungs
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where does the left heart pump send blood to?
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the body
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what is the muscular portion that separates the right and left pump?
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the septum
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what functions to prevent backflow of blood and to keep blood moving in one direction when the heart beats?
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valves
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what are the valves associated with the heart?
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Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
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What is the right AV valve called?
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tricuspid
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what is the left AV valve called?
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bicuspid (mitral valve)
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what anchors the AV valves and prevents the valves from opening backward?
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heartstrings
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what kind of valves are located between the ventricles and the arteries?
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semilunar
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what happens when a valve is not closing correctly?
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heart murmur
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what kind of blood does the right ventricle send?
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deoxygenated
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what kind of blood does the left ventricle send?
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oxygenated
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what is an irregular contraction of the ventricles and is the leading cause of cardiac death in otherwise healthy people?
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ventricular fibrillation
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what are the 3 vessel types?
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arteries, veins, capillaries
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what carries blood away from the heart?
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arteries
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what is the largest artery?
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aorta
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what is the normal resting blood pressure?
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120/80
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what is hypertension?
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high blood pressure
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what kind of muscles carry blood back to the heart?
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skeletal
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what is the largest vein?
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vena cava
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what kind of tissue do capillaries compose of?
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simple squamous epithelial tissue or endothelium
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what is the liquid matrix in blood?
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plasma
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the pH of blood is?
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7.4
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plasma is 90-92% ___.
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water
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plasma contains:
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ions/electrolytes, blood proteins, gases, nutrients
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what do red blood cells carry?
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oxygen
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what is the approximate number of red blood cells?
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5-6 million
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what do white blood cells do?
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fight infections
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what are the 5 types of white blood cells?
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neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
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what do neutrophils do?
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they are the first on the job and they fight bacteria
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what do eosinophils do?
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the help in reducing allergic reactions
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what do basophils do?
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the contain histamine which starts the swelling, itching, and redness associated with an inflammation.
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what do monocytes do?
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they fight chronic infections and form macrophages
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what do lymphocytes do?
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they produce antibodies
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what is the approximate number of white blood cells?
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7,000 per cubic millimeter of blood
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where are damaged white blood cells destroyed at?
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the liver
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what initiates blood clotting?
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platelets or thrombocytes
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what is a process that stops blood loss?
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hemostasis
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what is the approximate number of platelets?
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250,000-500,000 per cubic millimeter of blood
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what are some blood disorders?
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anemia, mononucleosis
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what tube starts with the mouth and ends at the anus?
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alimentary/GI Tract
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what is the space inside of the digestive system tube called?
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lumen
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what is the connective tissue next to the mucosa?
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submucosa
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what does the submucosa layer hold?
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blood vessels, lacteals, and nerves
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what is the muscularis layer composed of?
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two layers of smooth muscles
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what is the thin layer of connective tissue that anchors the tract and protects the other three layers?
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serosa
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what are the five processes that are required to keep this food handling system functioning?
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1. mechanical
2. secretion 3. digestion 4. absorption 5. elimination |
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what is the squeezing movement created by smooth muscles surrounding most of the digestive system?
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peristalsis
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what type of tissue secretes?
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epithelial
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what is the first part of the small intestines called?
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duodenum
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where does absorption usually take place?
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the jejunum and the ileum
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what keeps food from moving into the nasal cavity when swallowing?
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uvula
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what is food called when it is moving out of the mouth?
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bolus
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what is another name for the throat?
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pharynx
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what keeps food from going into the respiratory system?
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the epiglottis
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what does the distal end of the pharynx connect to?
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esophagus
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what is an expandable portion of the GI?
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the stomach
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what causes 70% of all ulcers?
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helicobacter pylori
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how long is the small intestine?
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11 ft. long 1 inch in diameter
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what does the first 10 inches of the small intestine consist of?
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duodenum
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what secretes the digestive enzymes to complete the chemical breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids?
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pancreas
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what does the gallbladder secrete?
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bile
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where does 95% of nutrient absorption take place at?
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the small intestines
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what does the mucosa layer of the small intestines have?
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villi
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how long is the large intestine?
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5 ft. long and 2 1/2 in. in diameter
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what is called the blind gut?
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the cecum
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what is the large intestine called after the cecum?
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colon
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what is indigestible food leaving the rectum called?
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the feces
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what are organs that have a secretory role in the chemical breakdown of foods?
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digestive accessory organs
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what are the 4 accessory organs?
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salivary glands
pancreas liver gallbladder |
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what is the main function of the respiratory system?
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to provide exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide in the blood
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what are the 4 processes involved in respiration?
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breathing/ventilation
external respiration internal respiration cellular respiration |
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what does the respiratory system consist of?
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the upper respiratory tract & the lower respiratory tract
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what does the upper respiratory tract consist of?
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adam's apple, nose, pharynx/throat
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what does the lower respiratory tract consist of?
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larynx/voice box
trachea 2 bronchi air sacs lungs |
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where are the lungs located at?
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thoracic cavity
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how much oxygen does the brain use?
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20%
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what is the 6th leading cause of accidental death in the USA?
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choking
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what is breathing controlled by?
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medulla oblongata
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when is a tracheotomy necessary?
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when air cannot pass through the trachea due to injury or obstacle.
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what kind of organs are the skin, lungs, liver, and kidneys?
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excretory organs
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what are the 4 organs in the urinary system?
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kidneys
ureters bladder urethra |
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how do the kidneys maintain homeostasis?
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maintaining water balance
regulating salt balance maintaining pH controlling production of red blood cells helping to produce vitamin D |
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how many liters of fluid do the kidneys filter from the bloodstream?
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200
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what are kidneys made up of?
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nephrons
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how do kidneys produce urine?
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glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption tubular secretion |
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how does urine pass from the bladder to the exterior of the body?
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urethra
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how many liters of urine are excreted a day?
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2
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