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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic compound
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Contains carbon C, stores considerable energy
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What is a hydrocarbon?
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Carbon + Hydrogen
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Functional groups (C bonded to)
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Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl
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How do we make polymers?
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Take monomers and hook them together
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Dehydration reaction
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Remove OH and H when linking small similar subunits
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Hydrolysis
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Break covalent bonds with OH and H
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Carbohydrates
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C:H2:O
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Monosaccharides
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Simple sugars -6 carbon
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Glucose
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Most important(energy storage in animals (glycogen-poly) plants (starch-poly)
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Disaccharides
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Two mono joined by covalent bonds, sucrose
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Sucrose
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Table sugar, glucose+fructose
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Polysaccharides
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Macromolecule made of mono subunits
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What is short term energy storage in plants?
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Starch
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What is short term energy storage in animals?
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Glycogen
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Cellulose makes up what?
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Cell walls
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Chitin
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Shells of lobsters, crabs
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What bond holds sugars together?
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Glycosidic
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Lipids
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Insoluble in water, fats and oils, a high proportion of non polar C-H bonds make hydrophobic
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Fats
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Triglycerides - 1 glycerol +3 fatty acids
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Saturated fats
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Solid at room temp, animal fats
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Unsaturated fats
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Liquid at room temp, plant fats & oils, fish
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Triglycerides have ________energy storage of carbs.
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2x
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Phospholipids
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Make up cell membranes have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
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Cholesterol
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Steroid hormones, used in cell membranes, builds up in arteries if there is to much
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LDL
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Bad cholesterol
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HDL
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Good cholesterol moves excess LDL to liver to be filtered out
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What bonds hold lipids together?
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Ester bonds
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Proteins
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Amino acids
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How many amino acids do we have?
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20
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Polypeptide bonds
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Link amino acids
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What are the structure levels of polypeptide bonds?
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Primary, secondary (folding chains, alpha helix, beta plates), tertiary ( final folded shape)
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Amino acids are all the same except for what?
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The R
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Denaturation
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Changing of protein shape, a high temperature in your body is the body's defense mechanism
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Nucleic acid
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DNA, RNA
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What are the. 3 parts of nucleotides?
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Nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar, one or more phosphorous groups
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What does DNA have?
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Double helix and consists of (A) adensine, (G) guanine, (C) cytosine, (T) thymine
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What does RNA have?
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single strand and consists of (A) adenosine, (G) guanine, (C) cytosine, and (U) uracil
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