Biology Test 1

Front 1

Water molecules are

Back 1

Polar

Front 2

The oxygen atom in water is slightly _____ (- or +)

Back 2

Negative (-)

Front 3

The hydrogen atoms in water are slightly _____ (- or +)

Back 3

Positive (+)

Front 4

The opposite charges of hydrogen and oxygen in water create_____

Back 4

Hydrogen bonds

Front 5

Water is a very good _ because it is charged

Back 5

Solvent

Front 6

Charged or polar molecules such as _ _ _ dissolve readily in water

Back 6

Salts, sugars, and amino acids

Front 7

Things that readily dissolve in water are called

Back 7

Hydrophilic

Front 8

Things that do not dissolve well in water are called

Back 8

Hydrophobic

Front 9

Uncharged or non-polar molecules such as _ do not dissolve readily in water

Back 9

Lipids

Front 10

Specific heat capacity

Back 10

How many joules of energy it takes to heat 1 g of something 1 degree Celsius

Front 11

Water's specific heat capacity

Back 11

4.2 joules

Front 12

Water does not change _ easily

Back 12

Temperature

Front 13

Areas close to large bodies of water have _ climates

Back 13

Steadier and more consistent

Front 14

Water requires _ to change states from a liquid to a gas

Back 14

A lot of energy

Front 15

Latent Heat of vaporization

Back 15

Water requires a lot of energy to change state from a liquid into a gas

Front 16

Latent heat of fusion

Back 16

Water requires a lot of heat to change from a solid into a liquid

Front 17

Cohesion ( of water )

Back 17

Water molecules stick together due to there hydrogen bonds

Front 18

Ionisation

Back 18

Molecules that are weak acids ionize in solution. Think salt dissolving

Front 19

Special properties of water: (8)

Back 19

Solvent, specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporization, latent heat of fusion, density, cohesion, ionisation, pH

Front 20

Acid

Back 20

Proton donor - donates hydrogen ions when dissolved in water or donates proton in chemical reaction

Front 21

Base

Back 21

Proton receiver - provides OH- ions when dissolved in water

Front 22

A base can be

Back 22

Negatively charged or neutral

Front 23

A base must have

Back 23

A lone pair of electrons

Front 24

Water is both _ and a _

Back 24

Acid, base

Front 25

Substances that can act as an acid or a base are called

Back 25

Amphoteric

Front 26

The pH scale ranges from _ to _

Back 26

0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic or alkaline)

Front 27

The neutral point on the pH scale is

Back 27

7

Front 28

On the pH scale each transition from number to number represents a _ change in __

Back 28

A 10-fold change in proton concentration and hence in acidity

Front 29

Buffers

Back 29

Chemicals that resist pH changes - they can accept H+ ions or donate H+ ions

Front 30

Lipids are made mostly of _ and _ atoms

Back 30

Carbon and hydrogen atoms

Front 31

Lipids are _ (polar or non-polar)

Back 31

Nonpolar

Front 32

Fat

Back 32

Large lipid made from glycerol and fatty acids

Front 33

The hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid is

Back 33

Hydrophobic

Front 34

A synonym for fat is

Back 34

Triglyceride

Front 35

The main function of fats is

Back 35

Energy storage

Front 36

Fatty acids with double bonds are

Back 36

Unsaturated

Front 37

Unsaturated fatty acids are _ at room temperature

Back 37

Liquids

Front 38

Most animal fats are

Back 38

Saturated

Front 39

Most plant fats are

Back 39

Unsaturated

Front 40

Animal fats in our diets can lead to

Back 40

Heart disease/ plaque clogging our blood vessels

Front 41

Phospholipids are a major component of

Back 41

Cell membranes

Front 42

Phospholipids are similar in structure to _ except that they contain _ and have _ fatty acids

Back 42

Fats, phosphorus, 2

Front 43

Waxes

Back 43

One fatty acid linked to an alcohol, lipid

Front 44

Steriods

Back 44

Carbon skeleton forms four fused rings, lipid

Front 45

All steroids have the same ring pattern: _ _ sided rings and _ _ sided ring

Back 45

3 6-sided rings and 1 5-sided ring

Front 46

A common steroid in animal cell membranes is

Back 46

Cholesterol

Front 47

Animal cells use _ as a starting point to synthesize other steroids such as _

Back 47

Cholesterol, sex hormones

Front 48

To much cholesterol in the body can lead to

Back 48

Heart disease

Front 49

Anabolic steroids

Back 49

Synthetic variants of testosterone

Front 50

Athletes may (illegally) use anabolic steroids to

Back 50

Increase muscles and performance level

Front 51

Negative effects of anabolic steroids:

Back 51

Depression, organ damage, cancer, increased risk of cardiovascular problems, reduced output of natural male hormones - which can cause: shrunken testicles, reduced sex drive, infertility, and breast enlargement in men. In teens growth may be stunted

Front 52

Lipids

Back 52

Fats, phospholipids, waxes and steroids

Front 53

Waxes are formed by

Back 53

An ester linkage between a saturated, long chain fatty acid and a saturated, long chain alcohol

Front 54

The "heads" of phospholipids are

Back 54

Hydrophilic

Front 55

The fatty acid "tail" of a phospholipid is

Back 55

Hydrophobic

Front 56

All lipids are

Back 56

Non-polar, hydrophobic, and insoluble in water

Front 57

Lipids are not

Back 57

Polymers

Front 58

Except for hydrogen and helium, atoms of all elements "want" _ electrons in there outer shell

Back 58

8

Front 59

Elements in Main Group 3 of the periodic table have how many electrons in there outer shell?

Back 59

3

Front 60

In an ionic bond one atom

Back 60

Either gives or receives electrons to/from another atom

Front 61

Elements in main group 1 tend to (give or receive) how many electrons?

Back 61

Give 1 electron

Front 62

If an atom receives 2 electrons it becomes a _ with a (+ or -) charge of what magnitude?

Back 62

Ion, +, +2

Front 63

If an element is very electronegative, how strongly does it attract electrons?

Back 63

Very strongly

Front 64

A covalent bond is a chemical bond in which

Back 64

One or more pair of electrons is shared between atoms

Front 65

If atom a is very electronegative and is covalently bonded to atom B, which is not very electronegative, where will the electron density be highest?

Back 65

Close to atom A

Front 66

In a water molecule, describe the density of electrons close to oxygen: _ and close to each hydrogen nucleus: _

Back 66

High, low

Front 67

In a water molecule the bond between oxygen and hydrogen is

Back 67

A covalent bond

Front 68

Hydrogen bond

Back 68

A weak bond between neighboring water molecules, partial negative charge on an oxygen atom of one water molecule is attracted to partial positive charge on hydrogen of neighboring water molecules

Front 69

Glucose

Back 69

A 6-carbon monosaccharide: fuel; our blood sugar

Front 70

Maltose

Back 70

A 12-carbon disaccharide

Front 71

Surcrose

Back 71

The most common disaccharide, table sugar, C12, H22, O11

Front 72

The 3 polysaccharides:

Back 72

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose