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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adhesion
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clinging of one substance to another: adhesion to walls of vessels counters gravity in plants
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cohesion
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hydrogen bonds hold water together
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surface tension
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how difficult it is to break or stretch the surface of a liquid (ex. overfilling a glass of water)
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heat
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measure of total quantity of kinetic energy in a body of matter (ocean has more heat than swimmer)
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temperature
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intensity of heat due to average kinetic energy of molecules
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kilocalorie
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heat required to raise temperature of 1 kg of water by 1*C
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joule
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energy unit 1 joule- .239 cal 1 cal- 4.184 J
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specific heat
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amount of heat required for 1g of substance to change temp by 1*C (water - 1 cal/ g/ *C)
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heat of vaporization
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heat required for 1g converted from liquid to gas (580 cal needed to evaporate at 25*C water)
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evaporative cooling
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hottest molecules leave as gas
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solution
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liquid homogenous- two or more substances is a solution
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solvent
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the substance that is the dissolving agent
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solute
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the dissolved substance
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aqueous solution
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water is solvent
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hydrophobic
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non-ionic, non-polar (vegetable oil)
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hydrophilic
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ionic or polar: even if molecules don't dissolve
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molarity
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# of moles of solute per liter of solution
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buffers
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substances that minimize change in H+ and OH- accept hydrogen ions in solution in excess and releasing when depleted (weak acid with base)
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acid precipitation
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pH less than 5.6
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Hydroxide ion
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OH-
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Hydrogen ion
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H+
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pH
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negative log of Hydrogen ion concentration pH= -log (H+)
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oceans don't freeze solid
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ice floats
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