Biology Terms

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Active Immunity

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Permanent; where a person is exposed to disease or is given a vaccine

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Active Transport

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Molecules move against concentration gradient from low concentration to an area of high concentration; requires ATP.

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Binomial Nomeclature

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The scientific name of an organism is a combination of the genus name and the specific epithet.

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Carbohydrates

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Used for short term memory; made of monosaccharides

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Cell Membrane

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Controls what enters and exits cell.

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Cell Wall

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Protects the plant cell as well as gives it it's shape.

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Cellular Respiration

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what cells do to break up sugars into ATP, a chemical which the cell uses for energy.

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Centrioles

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Involved iin cell division(only in animal cells).

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Chemotaxis

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movement of a motile cell or organism, or part of one, in a direction corresponding to a gradient of increasing or decreasing concentration of a particular substance.

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Chloroplast

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a plastid that contains chlorophyll (causes the green color) and in which photosynthesis takes place.

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Classical Conditioning

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a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

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Codominance

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Both genes/ alleles are dominant and share the dominance.

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Courtship Dances

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Behaviors carried out before mating

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Enzyme

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Protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction and is usually used to break down other molecules

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Estivation

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prolonged torpor or dormancy of an animal during a hot or dry period

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Frameshift Mutation

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When a single base is added or deleted form a DNA sequence.

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Gene Therapy

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Experimental technique for correcting defective genes that are responsible for disease development

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Germline

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In the egg and sperm cell; results in permanent changes.

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Golgi Body

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Packages protein and sends them to correct location in the cell.

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Habituation

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the diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus

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Hibernation

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to spend the winter in close quarters in a dormant condition, as bears and certain other animals.

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Homeostasis

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a stable environment for the cells of a body.

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Imprinting

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(of a young animal) come to recognize (another animal, person, or thing) as a parent or other object of habitual trust immediately after being born.

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Incomplete Dominance

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Both genes/ alleles are recessive and blend together

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Lipid

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Used for long term energy; made of fatty acids and glycerol

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Lysosomes

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Used to digest cellular waste. (only in animal cells)

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Migration

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seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.

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Mitochondria

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Site of cellular respiration within the cell.

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mRNA

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Carry the protein instructions to the ribosomes.

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Mutation

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Any change in the DNA sequence.

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Nucleic acid

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Used for storing genes; made of Nucleotides. (DNA and RNA)

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Nucleus

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Directs cellular activities.

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Osmosis

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The diffusion of water through a cell membrane.

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Passive Immunity

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temporary; exposed to the antibodies and an example is breast feeding.

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Passive Transport

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Molecules move with the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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Pheromones

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a chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behavior or physiology of others of its species.

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Phloem

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the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

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Photosynthesis

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the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

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Phototaxis

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the bodily movement of a motile organism in response to light, either toward the source of light ( positive phototaxis ) or away from it ( negative phototaxis ).

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Phylogeny

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Study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

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Point Mutation

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When a single base is changed in a DNA sequence.

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Proteins

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Used for building muscles, speeding up chemical reactions, and transport oxygen; made of amino acids

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Ribosomes

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Site of translation (where are RNA is converted to proteins).

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Somatic Gene

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Affects only the targeted cells in the patient and not passed to future generations

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Spontaneous Mutation

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As a result of a mistake in base pairing during DNA replication.

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Substrate

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molecule the enzyme breaks down

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Territorial Defense

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When an animal has an area which it regards as its own, and which it defends when other animals try to enter it.

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tRNA

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Transports amino acids to the ribosomes.

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Vacuole

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Water storage within the cell.

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Xylem

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the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.