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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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incomplete digestive system
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~found in organisms more complex than flatworms
~commonly found in invertebrates ~one opening for food and waste ~saclike gut system |
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bile
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digests fats
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How are glucose and most amino acids absorbed across the gut lining?
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by active transport
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peristalsis
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involuntary muscular contractions that occur in the esophagus
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number of muscle layers in the stomach
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3
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What is the order that food travels through the digestive system?
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mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
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length of the human small intestine
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13-23 ft
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contents of saliva
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mucins, water, amylase
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components of the integumentary system
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skin, hair, nails, glands
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What type of cells make up the mammary gland?
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alveoli cells
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What is one use of fingernails?
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fin manipulation
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What are the two components of hair?
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a bulb and a shaft
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functions of the integumentary system
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~protecting from infection
~providing vitamin D ~maintaining homeostasis in regards to temperature |
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keratin
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helps maintain skin's cohesiveness and toughness
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integumentary exchange
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a method of respiration mostly used in aquatic invertebrates
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purpose of sweat glands
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controlls temperature
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nerve net
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loose mesh of nerve cells associated with epithelial tissue
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function of the cerebellum
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deals with posture and reflexes
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function of the cerebrum
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deals with thoughts and behavior
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meninges
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three protective coverings of the spinal cord
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pre-motor cortex
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controls judgements and thinking about body movements
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tracts
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signals that travel as bundles of neurons between brain and spinal cord
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purposes of the kidney
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A) maintain pH balance in kidney tissue
B) secrete neurotransmitters C) filter proteins in blood |
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Loop of Henle
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maintains pH balance in kidney tissue
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ADH
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promotes water conservation
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components of the glomerulus
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Bowman's capsule and glomerular capillaries
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Which hormones influence reabsorption of water and solutes concerning urine formation?
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a. ADH
b. Aldosterone c. Angiotension |
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Intersitial fluid is saltiest near the _____________.
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Loop of Henle
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What are physiological processes where the Mammalian body loses water?
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a. Urinary excretion
b. Evaporation from the lungs and skin c. Sweating (by Mammals that sweat) d. Elimination, in feces |
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Glomerulonephritis
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~a type of renal failure
~a type of autoimmune disorder in the kidney ~potentially fatal |
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Which part of the neuron receives the signal?
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axon
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What type of neuron does the brain contain?
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interneuron
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What type of cell does the myelin sheath consist of?
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Schwann cells
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motor neuron
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neuron that controls muscle cells
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What part of the neuron is the axon?
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the transmitter arm that extends from the body
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synaptic vesicles
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house neurotransmitters`
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Neurotransmitters diffuse across a
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chemical synapse
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The potassium in the nerve cell (is)
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negatively charged
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tendon
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connects bone to muscle
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ATP for muscle contraction can be formed by what?
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~aerobic respiration
~glycolysis ~breaking down phosphate |
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smallest structure in a muscle cell
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myofibril
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What is the basic unit of contraction?
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sarcomere
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What does muscle contraction require?
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~action potential arrival
~calcium ions ~ATP |
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How much weight of the body do muscles take up?
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a little more than half
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the belly (body) of a muscle
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the central red contractile part
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consistency of tendons
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fibrous tissue
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effects of steroids in females
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A) increased risk of heart attacks and strokes
B) failure to ovulate C) induced growth of facial hair |
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The seesaw pattern of muscle operation around a joint is exemplified in which example?
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raising and lowering of the forearm
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What do mechanoreceptors detect?
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movement, pressure, tension
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The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are located inside the:
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middle ear
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basic taste receptors
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A) Sugar and acids.
B) Alkaloids. C) Salts. |
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What is an example of the appendicular portion of the human skeleton?
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pelvic girdle
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What is an example of the axial portion of the human skeleton?
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rib cage and vertebral column
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invertebral disks
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shock pads and flex points
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When you are a baby, you have ________.
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less bones than you have now
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What is a degenerative condition associated with the wearing away of the protective caps of cartilage covering the bone-ends?
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rheumatoid arthritis
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About how many bones are in the human body?
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206
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largest bone in the human body
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femur
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nasal cavity
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chamber in which sounds resonate
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lung cancer causes
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~smoking
~chemical exposure |
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When the diaphragm contracts, one...
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inhales
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Which animal has air sacs that attach to their lungs?
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birds
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In fish, when the blood flows in the opposite direction of the oxygen-rich water from the environment, it is called:
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countercurrent flow
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What type of respiratory system do insects have?
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tracheal
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About what percent of blood is plasma?
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54%
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Arterial blood is
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oxygen rich
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Of the two ventricles and two atria, which one pumps out oxygen rich blood to the body?
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left ventricle
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Which one of the following is the largest blood vessel?
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arteries
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A. Hypertension
B. Atherosclerosis C. Arrhythmias D. Acromegaly Which is not a cardiovascular disease? |
acromegaly
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Where does Lymph from the body drain
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thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct
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What are the vessels bringing lymph to the lymph nodes called
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afferent lymphatic vessels
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What is the first stage of the lymph system?
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venolymphatic stage
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What is the last stage of the lymph system?
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mammalian stage
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What is the largest lymphoid organ?
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spleen
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Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system?
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~produces disease-fighting agents
~returns water and plasma proteins back to blood |
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Where are lymph nodes located
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lymph vessels
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What is the function of the lymph vascular system?
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to return water and solutes to the blood
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