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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Porifera's skeleton made of?
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spicules porduced by individual cells. (This deals with support, not locomotion.)
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Name three things the spicules are made of.
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spongin, calcium carbonate, and silica (glass sponges)
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Name the things that have a hydrostatic skeleton.
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cnideria, platyhelmenthes, nematodes, annelids, some mollusks
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What type of skeleton do cnideria, platyhelmenthes, nematodes, annelids, some mollusks have?
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hydrostatic
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What makes up an Arthropod's skeleton?
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They have an exoskeleton of chitin.
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How does an exoskeleton help the arthropods?
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It provides excellent protection.
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Why are there no big arthropods on land?
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They are too heavy.
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What is the largest arthropod in the world?
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Alaskan King Crab
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How does an endoskeleton help?
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size is no longer limited. great leverage for real strength and speed.
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Porifera is made of what?
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spicules of spongin, calcium carbonate or silica
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Echinodermata is made of what?
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calcium carbonate under skin
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Chordata is made of what?
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bone and/or cartilage
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Name three types of joints
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ball and socket (circular motion in arms), hinge joints (elbows, knees), pivot joint
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What is an inhibitory?
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prevents synapse from happening. used to control pathway
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What is an excitatory?
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continues firing
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what does serotonin do?
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it has the inhibitory so it allows the synapse to be blocked.
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What does LSD do?
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It block the inhibitory which creates the hallucinations.
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What does depression do?
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blocks excitatory
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What do muscles do?
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They always contract. They are so specialized, no mitosis
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Give the hierarchy of contraction
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muscle--motor unit--muscle fibers (cell)--myofibrils--sacromere
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What is riggormortis?
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stiffness after death; calcium gets stick in sacromere after tropomyosin is there
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What i stiffness after death; calcium gets stick in sacromere after tropomyosin is there?
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riggormortis
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The more xx you have around muscles, the more you're able to generate ATP and more stamina.
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creatin phosphate
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What is a twitch?
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a muscle contraction
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What are antagonisitc pairs?
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when one muscle contracts, it's antagonist relaxes (triceps, biceps)
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What is it when one muscle contracts, it's opposite relaxes
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antagonistic pairs
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what attaches bone to muscles?
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tendons
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what attaches bone to bone?
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ligaments
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What are the two types of skeletal muscle?
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fast twitch, slow twitch
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What is a fast twitch?
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explosive power, quickly fatigues, looks white (chicken, turkey)
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What is a slow twitch?
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steady power, not explosive strength, dark meat because more blood vessels for oxygen. (geese, ducks)
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What is tetanus?
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muscles never totally relax, semi-contraction ready for action
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What is muscles never totally relax, semi-contraction ready for action
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tetanus
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Name the 3 kinds of muscle
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skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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Skeletal muscle is...
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voluntary control, usually attached to bone
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Cardiac muscle is...
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involuntary (only the heart is this muscle), branches have gap junction for cell cell communication, conteacts by itself
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Smooth muscle is...
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doesn't show striation, spiral twist, not t-tubule system. slow contraction, slow fatigue, entirely involuntary
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What is lumen?
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an interior of something
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What is the interior of something?
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lumen
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What is it called to shed your exoskeleton?
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molt
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