Biology- Specific Immune Response

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Live Attenuated Vaccines

Back 1

Live Microbe, bu microbe cannot cause disease. Long duration/more effective. Risk of reversion to virulence

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Killed Vaccine

Back 2

Dead microbe, Inactivated virus. Shorter duration, no risk of reversion

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Toxoid Vaccine

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Inactivated Toxins

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Component caccines

Back 4

made with part of the microbe

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Humoral Immunity

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B cells. Involves specific antibodies. Target small extracellular agents=bacteria toxins viruses

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Cell mediated Immunity

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T Cell. Involves various cells and theri secretions including cytokines. target infected cells and intracellular agents, caner

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B Cell shuffle

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Born with anti you and anti antigen cells. Delete the anti you so the anti antigen can reproduce

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Lymphoid Tissues

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Where antigen specific B and T cells are activated and released

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T Dependent

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Macro triggers T with MHCII, then T divides to form Tm, Th1 (triggers other macros for antigen presentation) which starts cell mediated. and Th2 which stimulate B cells and trigger humoral immunity

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T Independent

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Be cell responds to T cell on own. Enables B cell antibody class shiftng and better response

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T helper type one secrete

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IL four five and six

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T helper type two secrete

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IL two, gamma

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Plasma cells make

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antibodies (Ig's)

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Anti body constant area

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changes in five ways, but each antibody changes in these five ways every time. this changes what the antibody can bind to

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Anti body variable area

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never changes, but each antibody has a different site. antigen specific

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Immunoglobulin classes

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IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE

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What anitbody is made first

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IgM

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What antibody is good for clumping

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IgM

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What antibody binds Macrophages?

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IgG

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What antibody triggers histamine release?

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IgE

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What antibodies activate complement?

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IgM, IgG

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What antibody binds mast cells?

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IgE

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What does IgG do?

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Placental transfer, Binds phagocytic cell surfaces, and activates complement

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What does IgD do?

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B cell receptor

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When does a B cell change its antigen specificity?

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NEVER

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B cell recombination results in

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Different antibody classes, but no change in antigen specificity

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Primary Immune response

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Lots of IgM is made at first, and then G is made later, but it improves over time

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Secondary Immune response

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Lots of IgG is made right away

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Antibody mediated immune rxs

Neutralization

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Bind antibodies with toxin so the toxin cant bind to cells. then the macro can bind with antibodies and eat it. IgA secretions

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Antibody mediated immune rxs

Opsonization

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IgG bacterial in extracellular space coats the bacteria with antibodies so macro can eat it

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Antibody mediated immune rxs

Complement

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Bacteria in plasmid, use IgM. binds to complement

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Too much TNF

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Shock

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Too much IL 1

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Fever

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Cell mediated response

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Th and Tc cells, cytokines, not humoral immunity

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Cells that secrete cytokines

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Th cells

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Th1 cells

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CD4+, have TCR's and produce IL2 CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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Th2 cells

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CD4+, have TCR's, produce IL 4 5 6. HUMORAL IMMUNITY

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Tc cells

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cytotoxic cells, CD8+

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Tr cells

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regulatory/suppressor cells, CD8

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Macrophages

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phagocytosis, APC, TOLR and cytokines CELL MEDIATED

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NK Cells

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non specific lack TCR's

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How do Tc cells work?

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Pre Tc cell is activated when it recognizes antigen on macro using CD8. then it divides and when it finds and infected or abnormal cell it releases destructive enzymes to destroy it

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where does immune system start before lymph nodes?

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stem cells

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When a T cell divides what does it divide into?

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Thelper, Tmemory, Tcytotoxic

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T memory cells

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Remember the antigen specificity and also produce more mature t cells

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Activated mature T cells activate

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NK cells, cytotoxic tcells and t helper cells. all of which kill the cells. t helper also activate b cells

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Plasma cells vs Memory cells

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Plasma cells send out anitbodies freely, memory cells present antibodies on surface

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Which response (Non specific or specific) has a lag?

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specific because it has to be activated

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Cytokines are

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small secreted protiens that are NOT antigen specific

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Cytokines mediate

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Immunity, cell differentiation, cell division, and inflammation. as well as communication

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T/F Cytokines are usually at a low concentration

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True

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IL2 tells original cell

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to divide and make an army.

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IL 12 drives

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cell mediated immune response

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Gamma activates

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macrophages

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IL 1

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by macrophages activates Th1 cells, causes fever

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IL-2

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By Th1 promotes Th1 and Tc

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IL-4 IL5 IL6

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By Th2, Bcell differentiation and prolifereation.
Antibody Ig class switching

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IL 12

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By macrophages stimulate production of Th1 cells

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Gamma interferon

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by Th1 activates macrophages

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TNF

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by macrophages activates PMSs to cause inflammation

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T/F
TH1 drive Cell mediated

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True.
Th1 secrete IL2 to promote Tc cells. gamma activates macrophages which produce IL 12 to stimulate Th1 cell. ALSO gamma inhibits Th2 cells.

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T/F
Th2 drive humoral immunity

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True
Th2 secrete IL 4,5,6,10
IL 10 suppresses gamma and shuts down macro and cytokine 12