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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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energy
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capacity to do work, develop, grow, reproduce, repair
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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potential energy
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stored energy
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First law of thermodynamics
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energy can neither be created nor destroyed, plant and animals convert energy
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Second law of thermodynamics
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energy cannot be changed from one form into another without a loss of usable energy
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entropy
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term used to indicate the relative amount of disorganization in energy transferring
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metabolism
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sum of all the biochemical reactions in a cell
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free energy
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the amount of energy that is free to do work after a chemical reaction
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exergonic reaction
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have a negative change in free energy, and energy is released
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endergonic reaction
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have a positive change in free energy, and products have more energy than reactants, such reactions can only occur with an input of energy
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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energy currency of cells, when cells need energy they spend ATP
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coupled reaction
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occurs when energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction
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metabolic pathway
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orderly sequence of linked reactions, each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
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substrate
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reactant for an enzymatic reaction
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energy of activation
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energy that must be added to cause molecules to react, without an enzyme this energy may be provided by heat, which causes an increase in the number of molecular collisions
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active site
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small region on the surface of the enzyme where the substrates bind
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Factors affect enzymatic speed
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substrate concentration, temperature and pH, enzyme concentration,
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vitamins
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small organic molecules required in trace amounts for synthesis of coenzymes,
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enzyme inhibition
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occurs when a substance binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity,
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oxidation
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loss of electrons
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reduction
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gain of electrons
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photosynthesis
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know the formula, uses energy to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose
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cellular respiration
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at the end, glucose has been oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and ATP molecules have been produced
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electron transport chain
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both photosynthesis and respiration use this, consists of membrane-bound carriers that pass electrons from one carrier to another
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