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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diffusion |
the movement of substance down a concentration gradient |
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osmosis |
the movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
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isotonic |
stays the same |
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hypertonic |
cells shrinks |
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hypotonic |
cells swells |
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passive transport |
does not use energy |
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active transport |
uses energy |
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how a cell membrane maintains homeostasis |
controlling what moves in and out of the cell supports the cytoplasm recognizes foreign material communicates with other cells |
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name the parts of a phospholipid |
polar head - phosphate head nonpolar tail - fatty acid tail |
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carrier proteins |
transport substances that fit with their "binding site." When the substance binds, the protein changes shape and then it can move |
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channel proteins |
serve as a tunnel through the lipid bilayer |
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homologous chromosomes |
chromosomes that are similar in size, shape and genetic content |
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Name the four types of asexual reproduction and how they reproduce |
binary fission: splits in half budding: offspring grows off of existing parent fragmentation :splits in half parthenogenesis: egg does not need to be fertilized by sperm |
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what are the offspring of asexual parents going to look like? |
genetically identical |
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explain sexual reproduction |
two gametes (egg and sperm) are fused together to create a zygote |
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will the offspring look like parents? |
the offspring will have both genetics from parents but will be unique |
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give examples of gametes |
egg and sperm |
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how many chromosomes do haploid cells have |
has one set of chromosomes or 23 |
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how many chromosomes do diploid cells have |
46 or 23 pairs |
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give an example of a diploid cell |
heart cell |
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give an ex. of a haploid cell |
egg and sperm |
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what is an autosome? |
chromosomes with genes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
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what determines the sex of the baby? |
sex chromosomes |
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how many chromosomes does and autosome have? |
44 or 22 pairs (the 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes) |
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what are the sex chromosomes for a male and female? |
male: XY female: XX |
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how are karyotypes organized? |
largest to smallest |
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What did Watson discover and Crick discover? |
-James Watson and Francis Crick found out the shape of DNA is a double helix in 1953 |
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Who is Gregor Mendel? |
"father of genetics" |
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How are dominant and recessive traits determined? |
dominant rules over recessive UNLESS there is no dominant gene present |
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outputs and inputs of photosynthesis |
I: water and co2 O: glucose and oxygen |
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photosynthesis |
6CO2+ 6H2O+ light energy---------> C6H12O6 +6O2 |
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cellular respiration |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---------> 6CO2 +6H2O + ATP |
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what are colonial organisms? |
a group of identical cells that live together but are independent |
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what are multicellular organisms? |
*only occurs in eukaryotic cells* can not survive alone/depend on each other |
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mitochondria |
power house of the cell |
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lysosome |
a small sac that contains digestive juices |
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cell wall |
gives structure and support and protection |
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chloroplasts |
an organelle that goes through photosynthesis |
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cytoplasm |
a gel like substance that holds chemicals, water and organelles |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
moves substances |
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nuclear envelope |
surrounds and protects the nucleus |
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nucleolus |
makes ribosomes |
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nucleus |
contains DNA and controls the cell |
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organelle |
a structure in a cell that preforms a specific function |
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cell membrane or plasma membrane |
membrane that surrounds the cell controls what moves in and out of the cell |
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plastid |
stores food and pigment |
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ribosomes |
makes proteins |
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vacuole |
sac that stores water, nutrients and other chemicals |
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cell theory |
all cells have raised from other cells cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms all living things are made of 1 or more cells |
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capsule |
outside wall of prokaryotic cell most prokaryotic cells do not have this |
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flagellum |
helps cell move |
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pilus |
helps cells stick to things |
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invention of microscopes |
microscopes were invented in the 1600's but were then able to magnify better in the 1800's allowing scientists to learn more about cells |
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name the cell membrane proteins |
transport: helps moves substances through lipid bilayer receptor: senses surroundings enzymes: help w/ chemical reactions cell-surface marker: identifies cell |
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concentration gradient |
difference in concentration across a distance |
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concentration of substance |
amount of particular substance in a given volume |
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2 ways human cells vary |
size and shape |
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prokaryotes are always unicellular |
(one cell) |
