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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solution with more H+ than OH-
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acid
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solution with more OH- than H+
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base
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change from high birthrates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates
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demographic transition
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Which drops first, birth rate or death rate, and what is the result?
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death rate - population growth
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Water availability in the desert is described as what?
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a limiting factor
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How do primary producers make food? Which is more common?
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photosynthesis - common
chemosynthesis - not common |
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All the following are examples of what?
predator-prey relationships competition for food parasitism and disease |
density-dependent limiting factors
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warm fluids rising and cool fluids falling creates what two things over the surface of the Earth?
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wind and water currents
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the scientific study of human populations
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demography
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If an atom has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 8 neutrons, what is its mass? its atomic number?
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mass - 14 amu
atomic number - 6 |
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the repeated movement of a nutrient through living things and the Earth is called what
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biogeochemical cycle
- water cycle - nitrogen cycle - phosphorus cycle |
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something that controls population growth or size is called what
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limiting factor
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a willingness to consider or even accept other peoples ideas or opinions
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open-mindedness
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doubt, needing to have support to believe
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skepticism
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What happens to a lake after a large input of a limiting nutrient such as nitrogen? What does this do to the water?
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algal bloom - makes it stagnant
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What kinds of organisms fix nitrogen?
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bacteria on the roots of plants called legumes (peas, peanuts, soybeans, clover)
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What is the difference between weather and climate?
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weather is short-term climate is long-term
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WHat process changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?
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chemical reaction
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What is the base of all ecological pyramids and all ecosystems?
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producers
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the branch of biology that studies organisms and their interactions within their environment?
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ecology
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living factors
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biotic
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nonliving factors
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abiotic
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where an organism lives
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habitat
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the role an organism plays in its environment
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niche
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the idea that no two organisms can occupy the exact same niche without extreme competition
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competitive exclusion principle
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primary succession begins on what?
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bare rock
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When does secondary succession occur?
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after a natural disaster that leaves some soil behind
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What are the pioneer organisms in primary succession?
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lichen and moss - can live on bare rock - first to move in
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what is formed by the chemical joining of two elements to make new substances with new properties?
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compound
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the energy needed to get a reaction started
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activation energy
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What can reduce competition within a population?
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fewer individuals
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a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being involved in the reaction
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catalyst
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when a chemical like DDT accumulates through a food chain and becomes most concentrated at the highest levels in the food chain
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biological magnification
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what is formed by joining two elements chemically in definite proportions?
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compound
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Do compounds have the same or different properties from the elements in them?
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different
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What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
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They are rearranged.
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the number of individuals in a defined area is called what?
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density
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What is parasitism?
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one benefits while the other (host) is harmed
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What is commensalism?
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one benefits while the other is unaffected (neither helped nor harmed)
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connected food chains make up what?
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food web
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What is sustainable development?
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provide people with their needs without harming the environment
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What do we expect the human population to be in 2050?
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9 billion
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What happens to prey when the number of predators goes down?
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prey increase in number and can ruin their environment
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For what was DDT used?
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pesticide, kill insects
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Name the 4 population characteristics.
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density
growth rate age structure range |
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eats meat
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carnivore
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eats plants
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herbivore
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eats plants and meat
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omnivore
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during a controlled experiment, what is isolated and tested?
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a single variable
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what can make a population grow?
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more births
less deaths more immigration less emigration |
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Name the three types of ecological pyramids.
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numbers
biomass energy |
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When an area is overgrazed and experiences drought so it can no longer grow plants, what has occurred?
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desertification
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loss of trees
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deforestation
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What are three ways scientists study ecosystems?
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modeling
experimenting observation |
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what electrons are available to bond?
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valence electrons
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metric unit for length
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meter
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metric unit for mass
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kilogram
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metric unit for time
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second
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metric unit for temperature
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Kelvin
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What happened that was bad about the Industrial Revolution?
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used more resources
made more pollution population increased dramatically - urban sprawl |
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What organic compound uses phosphorus?
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nucleic acids - DNA and RNA
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an animal that hunts and kills another for food
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predator
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what a predator kills
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prey
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What two biomes get the least precipitation?
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tundra and desert
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What biome has permafrost?
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tundra
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Give some examples of density-independent limiting factors.
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natural disasters - floods, fires
weather - frost, drought |
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What is a homogeneous mixture of two materials where one completely dissolves in the other?
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solution
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What is the greatest threat to diversity?
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habitat alteration - loss and fragmentation
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A j CURVE SHOWS WHAT KIND OF POPULATION GROWTH
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EXPONENTIAL
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What are the conditions like for exponential growth?
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ideal/optimal
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An S curve shows what type of population growth?
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logistic
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Why is the metric system easier?
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based on 10s
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Why is the metric system used in science?
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easier to share information and easier to calculate with because based on 10
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what starts in a reaction
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reactants
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what is made by a reaction
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products
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What does range tell us about a population?
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where the population is located
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How is energy flow different from nutrients in an ecosystem?
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energy is linear - always need more while nutrients are recycled
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movement into a range
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immigration
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movement out of a range
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emigration
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When living things modify their habitat
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ecological succession
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a well-tested explanation that explains many observations
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theory
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each step in a food web or food chain
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trophic level
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what are isotopes?
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same element with a different number of neutrons
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Which occurs more quickly, primary or secondary succession? Why?
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secondary - begins with soil already
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when atoms lose electrons, what will their charge be, and what are they called?
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positive - cations
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when atoms gain electrons, what will their charge be, and what are they called?
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negative - anions
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smoke and fog making a brown-gray haze
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smog
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when smog rains down on us it forms what?
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acid rain
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How is science different from other areas of study?
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testing of ideas and explanations
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What happens in the demographic population?
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growth slows as births drop to meet new lower death rates
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a natural phenomenon that keeps Earth warm
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greenhouse effect
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an idea about what might happen in an experiment
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hypothesis
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pH below 7
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acid
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pH above 7
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base
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sour, corrosive, H+
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acid
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bitter, slippery, OH-
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base
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What are renewable resources? Give an example.
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can be replaced in a reasonable time - trees
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What are nonrenewable resources? Give an example.
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can't be replaced in a reasonable time - coal, oil
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a balanced internal environment of temperature, pressure, and pH
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homeostasis
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Where are electrons found?
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electron cloud - outside the nucleus
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what is the charge and mass of an electron?
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negative - 1/1836 amu
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Where are protons found?
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nucleus
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What is the charge and mass of a proton?
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positive - 1 amu
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Where are neutrons found?
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nucleus
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What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
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no charge - 1 amu
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How are ionic bonds formed?
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transfer of electrons
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How are covalent bonds formed?
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sharing of electrons
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Why can matter be cycled?
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not used up - can't be created or destroyed - changes form
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when salt dissolves in water, what do you get? what are the two parts?
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solution
1. solvent - water 2. solute - salt |
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information gathered during an experiment
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data
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What are the two kinds of data
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qualitative and quantitative
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How is the charge distributed in a polar water molecule?
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oxygen - slightly negative
hydrogen - slightly positive |
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when cells get specific jobs
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cell specialization
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Give examples of producers.
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plants
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Give examples of decomposers
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bacteria and fungi
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a measure of human impact on the environment
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ecological footprint
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the number of different species in an environment
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species diversity
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Name an organism that doesn't need light to live
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chemosynthetic bacteria
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all the living tissue in a trophic level
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biomass
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the loss of water through a plant's leaves
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transpiration
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What gives the Earth three major climate zones?
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unequal heating of the earth from the sun and the tilt of the earth's axis
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Name and describe the three major climate zones.
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tropical - most sun - always warm
temperate - seasons - warmer when tilted to sun and colder when tilted away polar - least sun and coldest |
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Why does corn grow better after beans are plowed under?
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nitrogen fixing bacteria live on roots of beans (legumes)
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What builds proteins?
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amino acids
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for what are proteins used?
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structure of body
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What builds carbs?
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simple sugars
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for what are carbs used?
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energy
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What builds lipids?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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for what are lipids used?
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store energy, cushion and insulate
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all the living things in an area
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community
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all the living and nonliving things in an area
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ecosystem
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all the related ecosystems
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biomes
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the whole layer of life around earth
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biosphere
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What makes food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
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primary producer - plants
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What eats producers?
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primary consumers
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What eats primary consumers?
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secondary consumers
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Why do we keep factors constant in a controlled experiment?
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to see if the IV is what caused the result
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the factor being tested
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IV
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the factor being measured to see the difference in the IV
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DV
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