Biology Revision: Practical Apr 25Th

Front 1

8 steps of mitosis observation

Back 1

1, cut a root tip from a growing root
2, place it on a watch glass and add a few drops of hydrochloric acid to the root tip
3, use acetocarmine stain
4, warm the watch glass
5, place the root top on a microscope slide and use a mounted needle to break it open and spread the cells out
6, add a few more drops of stain and place a cover slip over the root tip
7, gently squash the cover slip down
8, warm the slide to intensify the stain

Front 2

anomalous

Back 2

异常的

Front 3

线性增加

Back 3

linear increas

Front 4

using the information in table 1. comment on the reliability of these data.

Back 4

1. wide range / variability of data ;
2. greater reliability for data at {1% / 4% / 5%}
3. more data needed for 1.5% to allow better assessment of reliability ;
4. outliers / anomalies ;

Front 5

suggest conclusions that the student could make about efficiency and cost effectiveness when using this enzyme in a biological washing powder.

Back 5

1, best concentration to use;
2. no improvement above this
concentration ;
3. enzyme costs money ;
4. reduced cost effectiveness at higher concentrations ;

Front 6

suggest how you would investigate the validity of thse sources of information?

Back 6

1. check for any bias of sponsor (e.g. funding
source) ;
2. check for credentials of contributor ;
3. cross check with another source
4. evidence of peer reviewing ;

Front 7

suggest how the bibliogaphy should be changed if these two tables of data used by the student were now included in the report?

Back 7

1. need to add IUCN red list reference to book / website / address / url ; ®just IUCN
2. date, 1996 ;
3. Wikipedia article url / address / title of
article ; ® just Wikipedia
4. date site visites ;
5. IUCN leaflet ; ® just IUCN
6. date 2008 ;
7. reference to title of newspaper / journal with
household questionnaire ;
8. some detail included, date, institution(s), author(s) ;

Front 8

explain why it is an example of this type of implication?

Back 8

1. ethics of keeping animals in zoos ;
2. cage environment ;

3. ethics of hunting animals ;
4. (wrong if) for ornaments, dubious medications, trophies etc / might lead to extinction ;

5. part of this (social) is education ;
6 teaching, awareness ;

7. appropriate habitat ;
8. as only place organisms can properly exist ;

Front 9

Daphnia is suitable for experiment because it:

Back 9

1, is abundant and easily obtained
2, is transparent
3, has a very simple nervous system and will not suffer stress such as a mammal might, which makes it ethically more appropriate.

Front 10

4 points to make Daphnia experiment successful?

Back 10

1, immobilise the Daphnia
2, control other variables, such as water temperature, Daphnia size etc.
3, accurate measurement of heart rate
4, repeatability

Front 11

how to immobilise the Daphnia?

Back 11

use strands of cotton wool in a small dish of the experimental solution

Front 12

how to control variables,such as temperature or Daphnia size in Daphnia experiment?

Back 12

Difficult to maintain a constant temperature but should be monitored with a thermometer in the water.
Daphnia of similar size, etc. should be used for all measurements.

Front 13

how to accurately measure the heart rate of Daphnia?

Back 13

a dot is put on a piece of paper(in an S shape to avoid putting one dot on top of another) or clicking a button on a calculator.

Front 14

describe and explain the curve of enzyme concentration on initial reaction rate.

Back 14

as the concentration of enzyme increases, so does the nitial rate of the reaction, but a point is reached when this stops happening and the curve levels off.

this is because, when there is not very much enzyme and lots of substrate, every active site is occupied by substrate, add more enzyme and there are more active sites and still plently of substrate, so the rate goes up eventually adding more enzyme achives nothing as there is now not enough substrate to fill all the active sites all the time.