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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is biological evolution?
Change in characteristics of a population of organisms that occurs over generations
Group of individuals with unique characteristics that interbreed and produce viable offspring
species
Subset of a species; smaller group that has been isolated from the rest of the species
population
Direct change in DNA of an individual
Mutation
Random change in allelic frequency
Genetic Drift
Drastic decrease in population size related to a natrual disaster or random event out of a species control
Bottleneck effect
Small percentage of population repeated from larger group and seperated group has a high rate of genetic abnormality
Founder Effect
Genes coming into a population
Immigration
Genes flowing out of a population
Emmigration
Survival of the fittest
Organisms best suited for their environment survive; Natural selection
Species arrive seperately, no change over time
Static model of evolution
Species arrive separately, changes within each species over time
Transformation model of evolution
Species change over time, new species can arise, each group of species derives from independent ancestors
Separate types
Species do change over time, new species can arise, have common ancestor
Common descent
Changes in a single species in characteristics of population
micro-evolution
Changes over a long period of time, arise of new species, ect
Macro-evolution
Classification of species from broad to narrow
Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Do Kings Play Chess On Fancy Gold Surfaces?)
useless traits
Vestigial characteristics
characteristics of Kingdom Plantae?
Eukaryotic, multicellular, make own food (autotroph), mostly stationary
animalia
eukaryotic, multicelluar, rely on other organisms for food
fungi
Eukaryotic, multicellualr, rely on other organisms for food, reproduce by spores, body made up of thing filaments called hyphae
protista
eukaryotic, mostly single-celled, plant like, fungus-like, or animal-like
Bacteria
Prokaryotic, single-celled
Archaea
Prokaryotic, like in extreme environments
Organisms that look quite different have surprisingly similar bone structures.
Anatomical similarities
All chordates-animals with a backbone- produce pharyngeal slits as embryos. This is evidence for evolution because
shows shared developmental pathways
What are the four assumptions or observations that must be true for natural selection to occur?
Individuals within a population must vary
Some of the variation among individuals can be passed on to their offspring
Populations of organisms produce more offspring than will survive
Survival and reproduction are not random
migrating from salt water to spawn in fresh water, as salmon
anadromous