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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is biological evolution?
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Change in characteristics of a population of organisms that occurs over generations
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Group of individuals with unique characteristics that interbreed and produce viable offspring
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species
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Subset of a species; smaller group that has been isolated from the rest of the species
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population
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Direct change in DNA of an individual
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Mutation
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Random change in allelic frequency
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Genetic Drift
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Drastic decrease in population size related to a natrual disaster or random event out of a species control
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Bottleneck effect
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Small percentage of population repeated from larger group and seperated group has a high rate of genetic abnormality
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Founder Effect
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Genes coming into a population
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Immigration
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Genes flowing out of a population
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Emmigration
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Survival of the fittest
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Organisms best suited for their environment survive; Natural selection
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Species arrive seperately, no change over time
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Static model of evolution
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Species arrive separately, changes within each species over time
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Transformation model of evolution
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Species change over time, new species can arise, each group of species derives from independent ancestors
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Separate types
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Species do change over time, new species can arise, have common ancestor
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Common descent
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Changes in a single species in characteristics of population
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micro-evolution
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Changes over a long period of time, arise of new species, ect
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Macro-evolution
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Classification of species from broad to narrow
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Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Do Kings Play Chess On Fancy Gold Surfaces?) |
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useless traits
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Vestigial characteristics
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characteristics of Kingdom Plantae?
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Eukaryotic, multicellular, make own food (autotroph), mostly stationary
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animalia
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eukaryotic, multicelluar, rely on other organisms for food
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fungi
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Eukaryotic, multicellualr, rely on other organisms for food, reproduce by spores, body made up of thing filaments called hyphae
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protista
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eukaryotic, mostly single-celled, plant like, fungus-like, or animal-like
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Bacteria
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Prokaryotic, single-celled
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Archaea
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Prokaryotic, like in extreme environments
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Organisms that look quite different have surprisingly similar bone structures.
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Anatomical similarities
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All chordates-animals with a backbone- produce pharyngeal slits as embryos. This is evidence for evolution because
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shows shared developmental pathways
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What are the four assumptions or observations that must be true for natural selection to occur?
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Individuals within a population must vary
Some of the variation among individuals can be passed on to their offspring Populations of organisms produce more offspring than will survive Survival and reproduction are not random |
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migrating from salt water to spawn in fresh water, as salmon
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anadromous
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