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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the ETC do
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it is made up of a bunch of proteins that make a path through the membrane
the electrons bounce through these proteins and through the photosystems-- the energy created by these moving electrons are used to power the proton pumps (which make the H gradient) etc=electron transfer chain |
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what do proton pumps do
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they pump H ions into the thylakoid space (since ions cannot diffuse by themselves through the membrane since they are charged- so they need a pump or a channel to help them through)
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what does enzyme mn do
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it splits water into three parts
2H ions- which go to the H pump 2 electrons- which go to the ETC and Oxygen- which is a waste product |
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what does the NADP reductase do
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it is at the end of the ETC chain
it takes electrons from the ETC and takes H from the stroma and makes NADP (which is 2H and 2e-) |
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what does the ATP synthase do
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it makes ATP- it releases H ions from the thylakoid space and lets them out- with the energy created it adds phosphate groups to ADP molecules and makes ATP
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what does the ATP synthase do
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it makes ATP- it releases H ions from the thylakoid space and lets them out- with the energy created it adds phosphate groups to ADP molecules and makes ATP
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what are the steps to a light reaction
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1) light hits chlorophyll in PS 1 and
2) chlorophyll absorbs energy from light 3) energy gets collected into reaction center 4)electrons get excited and start moving through the ETC 5)energy from moving electrons is used to power the H pump 6) HUGE gradiant of H ions comes through the H pump and fill the thylakoid space 7) the H ions have a lot of potential energy- the ATP synthase opens up and lets the H ions out- with the energy created it adds phosphate groups to ADP and creates ATP |
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how does the reaction center in PS 1 replace lost electrons?
PS 2? |
reaction center in PS 1 gets electrons from the lost electrons from PS 2
reaction center in PS 2 gets electrons from the broken down water broken down by enzyme MN |
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what wavelengths does chlorophyll A
ABSORB chlorophyll B? |
red and violet
orange and blue |
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what color does chlorophyll A and B REFLECT
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green
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why are fall colors the way they are
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chlorophyll gets broken down during the fall- now the accessory pigments are revealed (they were there all along but the chlorophyll was the dominate pigment)
these accessory pigments REFLECT colors like brown blue purple orange (fall colors) |
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what must be added to ADP to make it "charged"
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a phosphate group
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where does the phosphate group come from that is added to ADP
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it comes from glucose and broken down ATP
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NADP is a _____
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co enzyme
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what is NADP made of
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2H and 2e-
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when you add 2H and 2 electrons to NADP you get NADPH which is called ____ the molecule
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reducing
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what does reducing a molecule mean and what happens to the molecule
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it means that electrons are being added to the molecule (gets reduced) and it gets energy b/c electrons carry energy
NADPH has energy since electrons were transferred to it NADP has no energy since it has no electrons |
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when NADP is given 2H and 2 electrons to make NADPH the thing that gave up the electrons is said to be ______
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oxidized
when something is oxidized it gives up electrons |
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if something gets ____ the other thing gets ___
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oxidized
reduced and vis versa |
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what is the formula for photosynthesis
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6CO2 + 6H2O---(sun)---->> C6H12O6 +6O2
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where does the C the H and the O in glucose come from
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C-- carbon dioxide
H-- water O--- water |
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what does Anabolic mean and what is an example of an anabolic reaction
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anabolic- building something up (anabolic steroids build up muscle)
photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction |
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what are the 5 layers of a leaf and what do they do
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1) cuticle-- wax coating, waterproof
2) upper epidermis 3) palisade layer- inside are chloroplasts (30 to 40 in each cell that makes up the palisade layer) 4) Sponge layer- stores CO2 and water vapor-- loosely packed layer-- also has xylen and phloem in the vascular bundles inside the sponge layer 5) lower epidermus-- last layer has stomata in it with guard cells that |
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what is the vascular bundle
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inside the sponge layer
inside are XYLEN and PHLOEM (circulatory system of a plant) transports stuff XYLEN- carries water PHLOEM- carries nutrients |
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transpiration
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when the plant loses water
when the plant aquires CO2 it loses water vapor |
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when is the stomata closed/opened
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when guard cells have little water the stomata is closed
when guard cells have water in it the stomata is open |
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how can a plant willingly open its stomata
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it fills the guard cells with pottassium ions which are actively transported-- the ions make a hypertonic solution which will cause water to flow in-- the water fills the guard cells and the stomata opens
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what has the most energy in the visible light scale
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violet
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what is the visible light spectrum in order
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violet indigo blue green yellow orange red
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what is the electromagnetic spectrum in order
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gamma
xrays UV visable infrared microwaves radio waves |
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why are plants green
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b/c chlorophyll A and B can't abosorb green so they reflect it
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