Biology - Quiz 7 - Chapters 14-16 Evolution

Front 1

Fossils

Back 1

remains of once living species often found in strata

Front 2

Strata

Back 2

layers of rock formed from sedimentary material

Front 3

Paleontology

Back 3

study of fossils

Front 4

Darwin's conclusions

Back 4

1) organisms are related through common descent
2) adaptation to various environments through natural selection

Front 5

Biogeography

Back 5

study of distribution of life-forms on earth

Front 6

Speciation

Back 6

formation of a new species

Front 7

adaptation

Back 7

any characteristic that makes an organism more suited to its environment

Front 8

natural selection

Back 8

process of evolution of organisms well adapted to their environment

Front 9

natural selection steps

Back 9

1. members of the population have heritable variations
2. population produces more offspring than the resources of the environment can support
3. those with favorable traits survive and reproduce to a greater extent than those who lack the trait
4. across generations, more possess the favorable trait, and population becomes adapted to the environment

Front 10

Fitness

Back 10

reproductive success of an individual relative to other members of the population

Front 11

vestigial structures

Back 11

anatomical features that are fully developed in one group of organisms but reduced and nonfunctional in other similar groups

Front 12

homologous structures

Back 12

similar structures explainable by inheritance from a common ancestor

Front 13

analogous structures

Back 13

serve the same function but are not constructed similarly and therefore cannot have the same ancestor

Front 14

Lamarck

Back 14

Developed idea that acquired characteristics can be inherited

Front 15

Favored during natural selection, but not artificial selection

3) efficient seed dispersal

Back 15

1) fast seed germination
2) short generation time
3) efficient seed dispersal
4) lean pork meat production

Front 16

Natural selection is the only process that results in:

b) adaptation to the envionment

Back 16

1) genetic variation
2) adaptation to the environment
3) phenotypic change
4) competition among individuals in a population

Front 17

Why was it helpful to Darwin to learn that Lyell concluded the Earth is very old?

b) it was enough time for the same species to spread out into all continents

Back 17

1) An old earth has more fossils than a new earth
2) it meant it was enough time for evolution to occur slowly
3) There was enough time for the same species to spread out into all continents
4) Darwin said artificial selection occurs slowly
5) all of the above

Front 18

All the finches on the Galapagos Islands:

b & c are correct

Back 18

a) are unrelated but descended from a common ancestor
b) are descended from a common ancestor and therefore are related
c) rarely compete for the same food source
d) a & c are correct
e) b & c are correct

Front 19

biogeographical

Back 19

The south American continent lacks rabbits, even though the environment is quite suitable

Front 20

anatomical

Back 20

the human knee bone is the same for all organisms

Front 21

biochemical

Back 21

the genetic code is the same for all organisms

The amino acid sequence of human hemoglobin is more similar to that of rhesus monkeys than to that of mice

Front 22

Fossils that serve as transitional links allow scientists to

b) deduce the order in which various groups of animals arose

Back 22

a) determine how prehistoric animals interacted with each other
b) deduce the order in which various groups of animals arose
c) relate climate change to evolutionary trends
d) determine why evolutionary changes occur

Front 23

Among vertebrates, the flipper of a dolphin and the fin of a tuna are:

a) homologous

Back 23

a) homologous
b) homogeneous
c) analogous
d) reciprical

Front 24

Which of the pair is mismatched?

c) lamarck - uniformitarianism

Back 24

a) darwin - natural selection
b) cuvier - series of catastrophes explains the fossil record
c) lamarck - uniformitarianism
d) all

Front 25

According to the inheritance of acquired characteristics hypothesis:

e) all

Back 25

a) if a man loses his hands, then his children will also be missing his hands
b) changes in pheotype are passed on by way of genotype to the next generation
c) organisms are able to bring about a change in their phenotype
d) evolution is striving toward particular traits
e) all

Front 26

Organisms

e) all

Back 26

a) compete with other members of their species
b) differ in fitness
c) are adapted to their environment
d) are related by descent from common ancestors
e) all

Front 27

DNA nucleotide differences between organisms:

e) all

Back 27

a) indicate how closely related organisms are
b) indicate that evolution occurs
c) explain why there are pheotypic differences
d) are to be expected
e) all

Front 28

The fossil record offers direct evidence for common descent because you can:

e) all

Back 28

a) see that the types of fossils change over time
b) sometimes find common ancestors
c) trace the ancestry of a particular group
d) trace the biological history of living things
e) all

Front 29

Molecular evidence is increasingly used today to establish relationships because:

d ) all

Back 29

a) genes are composed of DNA
b) the more similar the genes, the more likely two organisms are related
c) this evidence is subject to opinion
d) all is correct

Front 30

For there to be homologous structures:

a) a common ancestor had to have existed

Back 30

a) a common ancestor had to have existed
b) analogous structures also have to exist
c) the bones have to be used similarly
d) all

Front 31

Who founded paleontology?

Back 31

Georges Cuvier

Front 32

What things do organisms have?

Back 32

Variations
Differ in fitness
Have become adapted
Struggle to exist

Front 33

Who conceived the idea "the survival of the fittest"?

Back 33

Russel Wallace

Front 34

What is the only marsupial in the Americas?

Back 34

opossum