Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ENERGY
|
The ability to do work
1. Potential Energy 2. Kinetic Energy 3. Chemical Energy: 4. Activation Energy: Small amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction. |
|
POTENTIAL ENERGY
|
Potential energy is the stored energy of position possessed by an object.
|
|
KINETIC ENERGY
|
The energy of motion.
An object which has motion has kinetic energy. Two variables: the mass (m) of the object and the speed (v) of the object |
|
CHEMICAL
ENERGY |
Potential Energy related to the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
|
|
ACTIVATION ENERGY
|
The minimum energy necessary for a specific chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy of a reaction is usually denoted by Ea.
|
|
PHYSICAL CHANGE
|
1. A change in the physical
state of a substance. 2. The substance can be retrieved. 3. Caused by latent heat energy. |
|
CHEMICAL
CHANGE |
1. Process where matter is changed from one substance to another.
2. Cannot be retrieved. 3. Described in a chemical equation HCl + NaOH -----H2O=NaCl "reactants" "products" (left side reactants) (right side products) |
|
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
|
Temperature increase
1. Energy is released from chemical bonds. 2. Energy "exits the equation." EX: |
|
ENDOTHERIMC REACTION
|
1. Energy is absorbed by the reaction.
2. Energy goes "Endo" the equation. 3. Temperature decrease a. ____________________________ (Energy enters) |
|
LAW OF
CONSERVATION ENERGY |
1. Energy can't be created or destroyed
2. Can be change from a more useful form to a less useful form. |
|
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER
|
The type and number of atoms must be the same on both sides of the equation
|
|
ORGANIC MOLECULES
|
1. Molecules made by living things.
2. Structural formula - shows arrangements of atoms 3. Large carbon chains *All organic molecules must have Carbon and Hydrogen |
|
WHAT KIND OF
MOLECULE MUST HAVE CARBON & HYDROGEN? |
Organic Molecules
|
|
WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE IS MADE UP OF LIVING THINGS?
|
Organic Molecule
|
|
WHAT KIND OF MOLECULES HAVE LARGE CARBON CHAINS?
|
Organic Molecules
|
|
WHAT ARE THE
ORGANIC MOLECULE TYPES? |
-Carbohydates (sugars)
-Lipids (Fats) -Proteins -Nucleic Acids (DNA) |
|
CARBOHYDRATES
|
-Sugars
-Made of C,H+O/1:2:1 ratio -Used for energy and some structure in plants -classified by degree if complexity |
|
WHAT ARE MONOSACCHARIDES?
|
Organic Molecule (Carbohydrates)
-"ose" (siffix) - sugar -quick, ready energy -3-7 carons/skeleton -EX: Gluclose |
|
WHAT ARE DISACCHARIDES?
|
Two Monosaccharides chemically bonded
|
|
WHAT ARE TWO TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES?
|
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides |
|
WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
CARBOHYDRATES |
Organic Molecule
|
|
WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
LIPIDS (FATS) |
Organic Molecule
|
|
WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
PROTEINS |
Organic Molecule
|
|
WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA) |
Organic Molecule
|
|
WHAT IS AN
EXAMPLE OF A CARBOHYDRATE? |
Glucose
|
|
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
|
(Anabolism)
Two monos combine to form a disaccharide (1 H2O molecule is released) EX: Sucrose |
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?
|
Sucrose
|
|
HYDROLYSIS
(CATABOLISM) |
a. H2O is added to a large sugar
b. Chemical bond is broken forming two monosacharides. C. Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis |
|
WHAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS? |
Hydrolysis
|
|
WHAT IS ANABOLISM?
|
Dehydration
Synthesis |
|
WHAT IS
CATABOLISM? |
Hydrolysis
|
|
WHAT IS CALLED WHEN YOU ADD H2O TO A LARGE SUGAR?
|
Hydrolysis
|
|
WHAT MOLECULE IS RELEASED DURING DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?
|
H2O
|
|
POLYSACCHARIDES
|
The long chains of bonded monosaccharides.
|
|
IN POLYSACCHARIDES, WHAT DOES THE TOP FLAG INDICATE?
|
Alphabonds
|
|
IN POLYSACCHARIDES, WHAT DOES THE BOTTOM FLAG INDICATE?
|
Betabonds
|
|
WHAT IS THE LONG
CHAINS OF BONDED MONOSACCHARIDES CALLED? |
Polysaccharides
|
|
ALPHABONDS
|
Monosaccharides that are used by the body.
|
|
BETABONDS
|
Monosaccharides that are
not used by the body. -Digested -fiber |
|
WHAT ARE THE
THREE TYPES OF POLYSACCHARIDES? |
Starch
Cellulose Glycogen |
|
WHAT MONOSACCHARIDES ARE USED BY THE BODY?
|
Alphabonds
|
|
WHAT MONOSACCHARIDES ARE NOT USED BY THE BODY?
|
Betabonds
|
|
WHAT ARE THE
USES OF POLYSACCHARIDES? |
-Starch
-Glycogen -Cellulose |
|
STARCH
|
A Use of Polysaccharide.
Temporary food storage in plants (Glucose) (Potatoes) |
|
GLYCOGEN
|
A Use of Polysaccharide.
Temporary food storage in the liver (Glucose) |
|
CELLULOSE
|
A Use of Polysaccharide.
Cell wall in plants. Used for structure. (Glucose) |
|
LIPIDS
|
Fats and oils that do not dissolve in water.
a. C, H, O b. Concentrated food storage c. Animals - fats d. Plants - Oils and waxes e. Made of one glycerol + 3 fatty acids molecules (Triglycerides) |
|
WHAT IS MADE OF 3 FATTY ACIDS AND ONE GLYCEROL MOLECULE?
|
Lipids
|
|
WHAT MOLECULES ARE
FATS AND OILS THAT DON'T DISSOLVE IN WATER? |
Lipids
|
|
FATTY ACID TYPES
|
Trans Fats (Can kill)
- Saturated Fat - Unsaturated Fat |
|
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF SATURATED FATS?
|
Butter or Lard
|
|
SATURATED FATS
|
-Solid at room temperature
-Butter or Lard -"H"s block the carbon chain from being digested. - Clog arteries & kill |
|
UNSATURATED FATS
|
Double bonds allow easy digestion of bonds and release energy
|
|
PROTEINS
|
Made from Amino Acids
C,H,O,N Used for structure, hormones, Enzymes Peptide bond- the bond between amino acids by dehydration synthesis |
|
PEPTIDE BOND
|
(PROTEINS) The bond between amino acids by dehydration synthesis
|
|
AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
|
Amino Acid Structure:
|