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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ENERGY
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The ability to do work
1. Potential Energy 2. Kinetic Energy 3. Chemical Energy: 4. Activation Energy: Small amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction. |
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
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Potential energy is the stored energy of position possessed by an object.
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KINETIC ENERGY
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The energy of motion.
An object which has motion has kinetic energy. Two variables: the mass (m) of the object and the speed (v) of the object |
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CHEMICAL
ENERGY |
Potential Energy related to the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
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ACTIVATION ENERGY
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The minimum energy necessary for a specific chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy of a reaction is usually denoted by Ea.
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PHYSICAL CHANGE
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1. A change in the physical
state of a substance. 2. The substance can be retrieved. 3. Caused by latent heat energy. |
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CHEMICAL
CHANGE |
1. Process where matter is changed from one substance to another.
2. Cannot be retrieved. 3. Described in a chemical equation HCl + NaOH -----H2O=NaCl "reactants" "products" (left side reactants) (right side products) |
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EXOTHERMIC REACTION
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Temperature increase
1. Energy is released from chemical bonds. 2. Energy "exits the equation." EX: |
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ENDOTHERIMC REACTION
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1. Energy is absorbed by the reaction.
2. Energy goes "Endo" the equation. 3. Temperature decrease a. ____________________________ (Energy enters) |
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LAW OF
CONSERVATION ENERGY |
1. Energy can't be created or destroyed
2. Can be change from a more useful form to a less useful form. |
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER
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The type and number of atoms must be the same on both sides of the equation
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ORGANIC MOLECULES
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1. Molecules made by living things.
2. Structural formula - shows arrangements of atoms 3. Large carbon chains *All organic molecules must have Carbon and Hydrogen |
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WHAT KIND OF
MOLECULE MUST HAVE CARBON & HYDROGEN? |
Organic Molecules
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WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE IS MADE UP OF LIVING THINGS?
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Organic Molecule
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WHAT KIND OF MOLECULES HAVE LARGE CARBON CHAINS?
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Organic Molecules
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WHAT ARE THE
ORGANIC MOLECULE TYPES? |
-Carbohydates (sugars)
-Lipids (Fats) -Proteins -Nucleic Acids (DNA) |
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CARBOHYDRATES
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-Sugars
-Made of C,H+O/1:2:1 ratio -Used for energy and some structure in plants -classified by degree if complexity |
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WHAT ARE MONOSACCHARIDES?
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Organic Molecule (Carbohydrates)
-"ose" (siffix) - sugar -quick, ready energy -3-7 carons/skeleton -EX: Gluclose |
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WHAT ARE DISACCHARIDES?
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Two Monosaccharides chemically bonded
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WHAT ARE TWO TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES?
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Monosaccharides
Disaccharides |
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WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
CARBOHYDRATES |
Organic Molecule
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WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
LIPIDS (FATS) |
Organic Molecule
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WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
PROTEINS |
Organic Molecule
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WHAT KIND OF MOLECULE TYPE IS:
NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA) |
Organic Molecule
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WHAT IS AN
EXAMPLE OF A CARBOHYDRATE? |
Glucose
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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
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(Anabolism)
Two monos combine to form a disaccharide (1 H2O molecule is released) EX: Sucrose |
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WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?
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Sucrose
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HYDROLYSIS
(CATABOLISM) |
a. H2O is added to a large sugar
b. Chemical bond is broken forming two monosacharides. C. Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis |
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WHAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS? |
Hydrolysis
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WHAT IS ANABOLISM?
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Dehydration
Synthesis |
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WHAT IS
CATABOLISM? |
Hydrolysis
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WHAT IS CALLED WHEN YOU ADD H2O TO A LARGE SUGAR?
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Hydrolysis
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WHAT MOLECULE IS RELEASED DURING DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?
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H2O
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POLYSACCHARIDES
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The long chains of bonded monosaccharides.
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IN POLYSACCHARIDES, WHAT DOES THE TOP FLAG INDICATE?
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Alphabonds
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IN POLYSACCHARIDES, WHAT DOES THE BOTTOM FLAG INDICATE?
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Betabonds
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WHAT IS THE LONG
CHAINS OF BONDED MONOSACCHARIDES CALLED? |
Polysaccharides
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ALPHABONDS
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Monosaccharides that are used by the body.
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BETABONDS
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Monosaccharides that are
not used by the body. -Digested -fiber |
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WHAT ARE THE
THREE TYPES OF POLYSACCHARIDES? |
Starch
Cellulose Glycogen |
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WHAT MONOSACCHARIDES ARE USED BY THE BODY?
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Alphabonds
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WHAT MONOSACCHARIDES ARE NOT USED BY THE BODY?
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Betabonds
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WHAT ARE THE
USES OF POLYSACCHARIDES? |
-Starch
-Glycogen -Cellulose |
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STARCH
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A Use of Polysaccharide.
Temporary food storage in plants (Glucose) (Potatoes) |
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GLYCOGEN
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A Use of Polysaccharide.
Temporary food storage in the liver (Glucose) |
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CELLULOSE
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A Use of Polysaccharide.
Cell wall in plants. Used for structure. (Glucose) |
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LIPIDS
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Fats and oils that do not dissolve in water.
a. C, H, O b. Concentrated food storage c. Animals - fats d. Plants - Oils and waxes e. Made of one glycerol + 3 fatty acids molecules (Triglycerides) |
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WHAT IS MADE OF 3 FATTY ACIDS AND ONE GLYCEROL MOLECULE?
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Lipids
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WHAT MOLECULES ARE
FATS AND OILS THAT DON'T DISSOLVE IN WATER? |
Lipids
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FATTY ACID TYPES
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Trans Fats (Can kill)
- Saturated Fat - Unsaturated Fat |
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WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF SATURATED FATS?
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Butter or Lard
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SATURATED FATS
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-Solid at room temperature
-Butter or Lard -"H"s block the carbon chain from being digested. - Clog arteries & kill |
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UNSATURATED FATS
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Double bonds allow easy digestion of bonds and release energy
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PROTEINS
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Made from Amino Acids
C,H,O,N Used for structure, hormones, Enzymes Peptide bond- the bond between amino acids by dehydration synthesis |
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PEPTIDE BOND
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(PROTEINS) The bond between amino acids by dehydration synthesis
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AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
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Amino Acid Structure:
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