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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Gregor Mendel do? |
Studied characteristics passed from pea plants to other generations. |
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What do they call Gregor Mendel? |
Father of genetics and knowledge of statistics. |
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What is heredity? |
Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. |
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What are genetics? |
The study of how individuals inherit characteristics from their parents. |
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How many pairs of chromosomes does a pea plant have? |
Seven. |
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What is a phenotype? |
Appearance of the organism. |
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What is a genotype? |
Alleles that an organism possesses. Ex: AA & Aa |
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What is homozygous? |
Both alleles are alike. Ex: AA or aa. |
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What is heterozygous? |
Alleles of the pair are opposite. Ex: Aa |
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What are the seven traits of pea plants? |
Height, Pod Appearance, Pod Color, Seed Texture, Seed Color, Flower Color, & Flower Position. |
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What is pollination? |
Pollen transfers from Anthers (male) to Stigma(female). |
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What is self-pollination?
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Pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flowers to the stigma of either the same flower or a flower on the same plant. Ex: Pea plants |
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What is cross pollination? |
Involves flowers of 2 different plants. |
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What are pure traits? |
Plants always produce offspring with that trait. |
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What is a strain? |
Denotes plants that are pure for a specific trait. |
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What is P1? |
The parental generation. |
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What is F1? |
The offspring of the P1 generation. |
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What is F2? |
Second generation after F1 is crossed. Ex: Produced from self pollination of only one parent. |
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What did Mendel call his accurate records of traits? |
Factors. |
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What are Dominant Factors? |
Dominant over others characteristics and when recessive traits are masked. |
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What is the Law of Segregation? |
A pair of factors is separated during the formation of a gamete. |
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What is the Law of Independent Assortment? |
Factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently. |
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What is an allele? |
Factor each parents gives the offspring one allele for a given trait. |
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What is probability? |
Likelihood of a certain trait appearing. |
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What is a mono-hybrid cross? |
Cross between individuals that involves one trait. |
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What is a di-hybrid cross? |
Two traits in a cross. |
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What is a test cross? |
When individuals of a unknown genotype is crossed wit ha recessive individual. Helps determine genotype when phenotype is dominant. |
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What is Incomplete Dominance? |
Occurs when two or more alleles influence the phenotype. When dom. & rec. blend. Ex: Red + White = Pink. |
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What is codominance? |
Both traits are dominant are show through. Ex: Roan. RR= Red, RR'= Roan, R'R'= White |
