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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain the difference between axial and apendicular skeleton.
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axial- head, neck, trunk- 80 bones
apendicular- appendiges, girdles- 126 bones. |
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Total number of bones in the human skeleton
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206
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Where is the yellow marrow produced? What is stored in it?
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medullary canal; lipids
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Where is red marrow produced? What is found in it?
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epiphysis; RBC, WBC, platelets
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What is another name for the growth plate?
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Epiphysial plate
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What is the term used to describe the shaft of the bone?
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diaphysis
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Where is spongy bone located?
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epiphysis
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Where is compact bone located?
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diaphysis
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What is the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the bone?
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periosteum
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The point where the ends of the shafts meet.
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metaphysis
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WHat is another name for a soft spot?
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fontanel
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Where does primary ossification begin, and at what age?
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shaft od diaphysis. starts 5th or 6th week of embryonic development.
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Where does secondary ossification begin?
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epiphysis; complete at birth
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Range of motion:
Where you increase angle between bones. |
extension
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Range of motion:Where you decrease angle between bones.
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flexion
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Range of motion:
A forward motion. |
protraction
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Range of motion:
A backward motion. |
retraction
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Range of motion:
circular movement. |
circumduction
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Range of motion:
turning of axis. |
rotation
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Range of motion:
lying on stomach with palms down. |
pronation
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Range of motion:
lying on back with my palms facing forward. |
supinations
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Range of motion:
a movement that raises the bone. |
elevation
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Range of motion:
a movement that lowers the bone. |
depression
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Range of motion:
away from midline. |
abduction
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Range of motion:
towards midline. |
adduction
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Range of motion:
a movement that bends the part beyond normal. |
hyperextension
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Range of motion:
a movement that flexes the foot towards the sole. |
plantar flexion
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4 pairs of sinuses from superior to inferior.
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frontal, ethmoid, spheniod, maxillary
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a mature bone cell?
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osteocyte
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immature bone cell that undergoes mitosis.
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osteoblast
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a bone cell that breaks down old bone tissue?
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osteoclast
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an unspecialized bone cell that undergoes mitotic change?
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osteoproginator cell
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another name for bone tissue?
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osseous
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4 functions of the skeletal system.
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movement, protection, attachment for muscles, mineral storage, blood cell production, energy stoarge.
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matrix that makes up bone tissue... what % is water, what % is protien, what % is calcium and phosphorous?
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water- 25%, protein-25%, calcium and phosphorous- 50%
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what is the difference between intramembraneous and endochondral bones?
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flat; round, long bones
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what 2 primary menieral salts do bones store?
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calcium and phosphorous
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list 3 things that control bone growth?
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genetics, hormones, diet, mineral storage, lack of vitamin d
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how does bone grow in diameter?
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lying down new bone tissue
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where/how do bones grow in length?
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mitotic division and epiphysial plate
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what is a break in the bone called?
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fracture
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what is ongoing replacement of old bone tissue with new?
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remodeling
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what is mesenchymal tissue?
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embryonic tissue
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what connects muscle to bone?
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tendon
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what connects bone to bone?
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ligaments
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what type of synovial joint?hip or shoulder?
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ball and socket
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what type of synovial joint?
thumb? |
saddle
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what type of synovial joint?
elbow? |
hinge
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what type of synovial joint?
wrist? |
gliding
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what type of synovial joint?
atlas and axis? |
pivot
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what type of synovial joint?
between metacarpals and phalanges? |
chondoloid
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when you have a fracture, bone goes through 4 steps. list them in order.
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forms hematoma, then soft calus, then bony callus, remodeling
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green stick fractures occur in adults or children?
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children
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what does articulate describe?
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to move with
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what occurs in calcification?
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minerals are deposited in collagen
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what gives bones its tensile strength? hardness?
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collagen fibers
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# of bones:vertebral column.
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26
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# of bones:
cranial/facial. |
22
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# of bones:
middle ear? |
6
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# of bones:
hyoid? |
1
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# of bones:
thoracic cage. |
25
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# of bones:
pectoral girdle. |
4
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# of bones:
upper limbs |
60
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# of bones:
pelvic girdle |
2
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# of bones:
lower limbs. |
60
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difference between true and false ribs?
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true- connected to sternum by hyaline cartilage
false- connected to eachother first, then connects to sternum |
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what does foramen mean?
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opening
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increase in production of GH can lead to what syndrome?
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acronegaly
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space or cavity in bone is called what?
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sinuses
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3 differences between an adult and child skeleton.
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suture lines are wide in child.
space between cranial bone- fontanels in child. childs bones are softer. smaller nasal cavity in child. porminent forehead. larger orbitals in child |
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what is a suture line?
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fibrous connective tissue- cranial bones
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what is the purpose of the foramen skeleton?
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nerves to travel through, ligaments to travel through, and muscles to travel to.
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what allows head to pivot?
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atlas and axis
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functions of sinus cavities?
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reduce weight of skull; warm, filter, and moisturize air; help with voice resonance.
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how many curves are there in a spine?
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4
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tissue that lines medullary canal?
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endosteum
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the only bone that does now articulate with any other bone in the body.
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hyoid
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