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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reflex Arc (6) |
Sensory receptor, stimulis, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector |
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Anatomy of the Ear (9) |
Pinna - catches and directs the sound waves into the auditory canal, high freq sounds heard over low freq sounds. Auditory canal- directs sounds into the middle ear (sound moves through solid) Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) vibrates Malleus, incus, and stapes are ossicles Malleus (hammer) - receives sound vibrations from the TM Incus (anvil) - receives sound vibrations from the malleus Stapes (stirrup) - terminates at the oval window of cochnea Oval window to cochnea Eustachian - equalizing the external and internal environments, pressure Semi Circular canals - play no role in hearing, maintain balance and equilibrium. Movement of body causes the fluid to move in the opposite direction, pushes cupula hair cells, mechanoreceptors depolarization occurs. |
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Anatomy of the Eye - front Anterior Cavity (6) |
Sclera - outermost membrane. Tough, white outer tissue Cornea - exterior over lens, in front of sclera, transparent Iris - right behind the aqueous humour, changes size to reveal pupil and allow different levels of light in. Pupil - hole in the iris that allows light to pass to lens Choroid - thin, pigmented inner layer Ciliary body and suspensatory ligaments - close tightens O, far relaxes, flattens |
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Anatomy of the Eye - Rear Posterior Cavity (3) |
Vitreous humour - os volume of the eye, located between the lens and the retina ( "liquid lens") Optic nerve - sensory neutrons that transmit optic info to the brain, connects to the retina at the blind spot (optic disk) Retina - black wall which contains photoreceptors |
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The Retina (3) |
Light passes through the retina, bounces off of the back and is then received by the photo receptors > then info is passed to the bipolar bodies > passed to optic nerves rods and cones - retinol dissociates from opsin, is hyper polarized. Rods - light. Rhodopsin is made of retinol (vitamin A) and opsin (protein). Cones- pigments are called photopsins- less light sensitive more sensitive to colour. |
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Eye Diseases (4 plus optic chiasm) |
Optic Chiasm - neural pathways, x shaped, opposites Glaucoma - blockage of ducts that drain aqueous humour build up of AH, pressure on the optic nerve. Cataracts - cloudy cornea Myopia - near sighted, TOO LONG concave lenses Hyperopia - far sightedness, TOO SHORT |
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Volume virus pitch (2) |
Volume - determined by the height of the sound wave, bisacellar membrane vibrates, increased volume = increased pressure = more receptors stimulated. Pitch - Biscellar membrane more/less sensitive at different part son the cochlea, determines pitch oval window short = high freq, long = low freq |
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Anatomy of the Brain (14) |
Thalamus - coordinates, interprets sensory information, directs to cerebrum, cerebral cortex (switchboard of the brain) Hypothalamus - maintain homeostasis (hunger, thirst, body temperature) links NS to endocrine via the pituitary glands Pituitary glands - major endocrine gland, growth, body temperature, BP and pain regulation. Corpus callosum - bridge between hemispheres, white matter here. Midbrain - connection visual, reflex. Pons- relays information between the cerebrum and the forebrain, info to thalamus, autonomic NS control. Medulla oblongata - controls HR, BP, breathing, swallowing connects SC to higher levels of the brain Cerebellum - coordination, fine motor skills, balance Cerebrum - integration center, white matter, includes the grey matter in the cerebral cortex (four lobes) Frontal lobe- motor control for voluntary movements Parietal lobe - sensory receptors for touch position and orientation Temporal Lobe- auditory reception, processes visual info Occipital lobe - visual info analysis, recognition |
