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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 parts of an animal cell?
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nucleus
cytoplasm mitochondria cell membrane |
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What are the 7 parts of an plant cell?
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Nucleus
Cytoplasm Chloroplast cell wall cell membrane mitochondria permanent vacuole |
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What is the function of the nucleus?
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Contains genetic information (DNA) and controls all cell activity
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What is the function of the mitochondria?
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The site of energy production
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
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The site of chemical reaction in the cell
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
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Controls what enters and leaves the cell
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What is the function of the cell wall
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Helps keep cell structure and shape
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What is the function of the chloroplast?
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Contains green pigment (chlorophyll)
carry's out photo synthesis |
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What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
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Contains cell sap.
This is a store for salts, nutrients, pigment and water |
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Name 5 types of animal cells?
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red blood cell
white blood cell muscle cell nerve cell (neuron) stem cell sin cell cancer cell sperm cell egg cell hair cell epithelial cell |
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Why do we need different types of cells?
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So that be more efficient and exist as complex organsims
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What is it that makes a cell specialised
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being a special shape or having a special structure that allows it to carry out a special function
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What is specialisation or differentiation?
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it is the process by which a cell becomes a specialised type of cell
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What is the function of the cardio vascular system?
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Consists of the heart, blood vessels.
Transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells. removes metabolic waste (CO2)
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What organs are in the cardio vascular system?
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Heart
veins arteries (lungs in the respiratory system) |
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What cells are in the cardio vascular system?
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red blood cells
white blood cells cardiac muscle cells |
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Describe red blood cells.
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transport oxygen
biconcave to gather maximum oxygen no nucleus to gather maximum hemoglobin |
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Describe white blood cells.
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Easily change shape to squeeze between other cells and engulf engulf cells
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Describe cardiac muscle cells.
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contract and relax spontaniosly
shape designed for contracting (heart cell) |
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What is the function of the nervous system?
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This controls the organs response to stimuli
sorts and processes information |
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What organs are in the nervous system
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Sense organs
Brain Spinal cord retina |
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What cells are in the system
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Nerve cells (neurons)
muscle cells |
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Describe Nerve cells.
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Specialised to carry electrical impulses
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Describe muscle cells.
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cell that makes up your muscle tissue
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What is a tissue?
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A tissue is a group of specialised cells that have similar structure and function
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Stem cells are only found in...
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animals
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Describe stem cells
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they are unspecialised cells which reproduce (self renews) by mitosis and can develop into specialised cells
used for repair and growth |
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There are 2 types of naturally occurring stem cells, what are they?
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Embryonic stem cells - found in embryos
adult stem cells - found in adult tissue |
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2 medical uses of stem cells
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blood transplant - bone marrow or blood stem cells
regrow skin - skin graft repair cornea - stem cells from edge of cornea |
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The nervous system ...
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controls the body
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The CNS is made up of
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the brain and spinal cord
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The major organ of the CNS is
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the brain
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The brain consists of three main regions what are they?
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medulla
cerebrum and the cerebellum |
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what does the medulla do?
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controls breathing and heart rate
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What does the Cerebellum do?
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controls balance and co-ordination
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What does the Cerebrum do?
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involved in higher thought processes - memory, personality, reasoning and intelligence
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in animals growth can occur ...
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anywhere in the body
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In plants growth only occurs in special areas called...
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meristems
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What are the 2 types of meristems?
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apical and lateral
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Where are apical meristems found
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behind the protective cells of the roots
and inside developing leaves of the shoots |
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What can apical meristems keep on doing
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dividing
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The divided meristems have the ability to?
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any type of plant cell through the process of differentiation.
remain as undifferentiated cells and keep dividing |
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meristems also are needed for plant stems and trunks ... and for side branches to ...
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to grow thicker ... grow
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Lateral meristems are found in the ...
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stem
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One lateral meristem is known as a ... |
cambium |
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The cambium is found in the stem between ... and the ...
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xylem and the phloem
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The xylem transports ... from the roots to the plant
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water
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The phloem transports .. from the leaves to the roots
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sugar
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There are ... neurons in the brain
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100 billion
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Nerve cells (neurons) carry electrical messages known as ...
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impulses
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There are 3 main types of neuron what are they?
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sensory neurons, relay neurons and motor neurons
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What is the cycle to from a stimuli to a response?
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stimuli-> receptor-> sensory neuron-> CNS-> motor neuron-> effectors (muscle and glands)-> response
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Muscles have a ... response and glands have a ... response
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rapid
slower |
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A nerve cell consists of ...
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a cell body
an axon and a nerve ending |
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What is a reflex action
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a reflex action is an rapid response which happens without involving the brain.
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Reflex actions use a pathway called a
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reflex arc
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2 examples of reflex actions
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salivation - stop you choking when swallowing
Blinking - stops dust getting in your eye Dilation - pupils widen to allow more light enter the eye |
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Why do reflex actions occur?
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protects us from damage and increases our chance at survival
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What is the cycle from a stimuli to a response in a reflex arc?
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Stimuli -> receptors -> sensory neuron -> axon-> axon endings-> synaptic gap-> Sensory fiber-> cell body-> relay neuron and CNS-> Synaptic gap-> motor neuron-> effectors (muscle)-> response
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What is the endocrine system?
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It is a collection of glands that produce hormones and regulate metabolism growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood
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A specific example of hormone communication is...
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controlling blood sugar levels
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What does insulin do?
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lowers the blood sugar levels
by storing glucose as glucogen promotes the transfer of glucose to glugogen |
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What does glucagen do?
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It is a hormone which promotes the breakdown of glucogen back to glucose (thus raising blood sugar levels)
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what fault happens in type 1 diabetes
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fault in production of insulen
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what fault happens in type 2 diabetes
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failure of the target cells to respond to insulen
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Type 1 diabetes can occur at ...
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any age
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You have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes if ...
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you are obese, older or have a family history of diabetes or do not exercise
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Why are more people becoming diabetic?
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poor diets
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