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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the advantage of the nervous system vs. the endocrine system?
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The nervous system provides rapid response to stimuli and this is because of the electrochemical communication between cells.
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Endocrine system involves...
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chemical control
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Nervous system involves...
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nervous control; electrochemical control
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What are four components involved in nverous response to stimuli?
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reception, transmission (conduction of an impusle), intergration (processing of an impulse), and action
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What are four specialized cells that are corelated to 4 components of nervous response to stimuli?
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receptor cells, conductor cells, interneurons (processor cells), and efector cells (response cells)
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Stimuli
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changes in the environment
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Nervous system
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Organization of neurons and supporting cells that take in info, integrate it, and respond
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Neural signaling
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communications by neurons
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What is the function of receptor cells?
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They detect (recognize) a stimulus and pass on info (impulses to other cells.
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What is the function of conductor cells?
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They convey (carry) impulses along a nervous pathway
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What are two major types of conductor cells?
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sensory (afferent) neurons and motor (efferent) neurons
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What is the function of sensory (afferent) neurons?
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(conductor cells that) carry info TOWARDS the CNS
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What is the function of motor (efferent) neurons?
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(conductor cells that) carry info AWAY from the CNS (to effector cells)
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What is the function of interneurons (processor cells) (association neurons)?
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They collect and process (analyze) info recieved from many cells to produce a single output
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What are the two types of info an interneuron can recieve?
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Excitatory or inhibitory
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What are examples of effectors?
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muscle and gland cells
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Interneurons act as "what" between sensory neurons and motor neurons?
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bridges; middlemen
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Where are interneurons located?
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In the central nervous system
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What is the function of an effector cell?
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they perform or carry out a task
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Effectors are usually neurons, ture or false?
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FALSE
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What are two other names for neurons?
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nerve fiber and nerve cell
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What are the three main components of a neuron?
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1.cell body 2.numerous dendrites 3.an axon
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What is the function of a neuron?
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(a cell specialized for) carries impulses (electrochemical signals) along its length
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Neurons are the longest or shortest cell in the body?
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Longest
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What are glial cell(s) (pl. neuroglia)?
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they are accessory cells to the nervous system (CNS)
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What is the function of neuroglia?
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support and nourish neurons
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What are four major types of neuroglia?
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microglial, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells
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When "nerve" is used alone in a speach, what does it refer to?
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tissue = a group of cells
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What is a ganglion (pl. ganglia)?
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a cluster of nerve cell bodies
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Where are ganglia typically located?
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Outside the CNS
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What is the function of a microglial cell?
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to support nerve tissue and to protect it by engulfing bacteria
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What is the fuction of oligodendrocites?
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to produce myelin (within the CNS)
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What is the function of astrocytes?
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to support, regulate concentrations of ions and nutrients (within the CNS)
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What is the function of and ependymal cell?
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to form linings for support in the nervous system
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