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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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true breeding
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an organism that is 'bred true' which means it has certain characteristics that is always passed on to its offspring.
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allele
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one of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes
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genotype
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two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain triat
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phenotype
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the observable expression of an organism's genes
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homozygous genotype
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a genotype in which both alleles are identical
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heterozygous genotype
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a genotype with two different alleles
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dominant allele
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an allele that will determine the phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
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recessive allele
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an allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
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what are "Mendel's principles of genetics using updated technology"?
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1) the traits of an organism are determined by its genes
2) each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait 3) in sexual reproduction, each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its alleles to the offspring 4) in each genotype, there is a dominant allele. if it exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by that allele |
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pedigree
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a diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations
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monohybrid cross
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a cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
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dihybrid cross
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a cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits
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autosomes
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chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual
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sex chromosomes
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chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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antigen
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a protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an anitbody
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autosomal inheritance
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inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosomes
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genetic disease carrier
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a person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder
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sex-linked inheritance
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inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes
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mutation
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a radical chemical change in one or more alleles
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change in chromosome structure
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a situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis
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