Biology Module #2

Front 1

Commensalism

Back 1

helps one species but no effect on the other

Front 2

Mutualism

Back 2

helps both species

Front 3

Interspecific competition

Back 3

hurts both species

Front 4

Predation & Parasitism

Back 4

helps one species and hurts the other

Front 5

symbiosis

Back 5

means living together

Front 6

Coevolution

Back 6

each species is a selective agent that shifts the range of variation in the other

Front 7

Interference Competition

Back 7

one species actively prevents another from accessing some resource

Front 8

Exploitative Competition

Back 8

species do not interact directly, each reduces the amount of resources available to the other by using that resource

Front 9

Competive Exclusion

Back 9

whenever two species require the same limited resource to survive or reproduce, the better competitor will drive the less competitive species to extinction in that habitat

Front 10

Resource Partitioning

Back 10

a subdividing of an essential resource, which reduces the competition among other species that require it

Front 11

Mimicry

Back 11

evolutionary convergence in body form: species come to resemble one another.

Front 12

Parasitoids

Back 12

insects that lay eggs in other insects

Front 13

Social parasites

Back 13

animals that take advantage of social behavoir of a host to complete their life cycle

Front 14

Effective Biological Control's 5 attributies:

Back 14

1. agents are adapted to specific host and habitat
2.good at finding the host
3.population growth rate is high compared to the host's
4.offspring is good at dispersing
5.number of infected hosts increases slowly, then rises rapidly, and finally levels off

Front 15

Pioneer Species

Back 15

Opportunistic colonizers of new or newly vacated habitats

Front 16

Primary Succession

Back 16

process that begins when pioneer species colonize a barren habitat with no soil, such as a new volcanic island or land exposed by the retreat of a glacier

Front 17

Secondary Succession

Back 17

a disturbed area within a community recovers

Front 18

Climax Community

Back 18

a predictable group of species in the habitat stabilizes

Front 19

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

Back 19

species richness is the greatest in habitats where disturbances are moderate in their intensity or frequency

Front 20

____ flows through the ecosystem, while ____ cycles.

Back 20

Energy, Nutrients

Front 21

Primary Producer

Back 21

autrophic organisms such as plants

Front 22

Consumers

Back 22

heterotrophic organisms that cannot make their own food so their energy comes from one another and producers

Front 23

Detritivores

Back 23

dine on small particles of organic matter, organisms such as earthworms and crabs

Front 24

Decomposers

Back 24

feed on organic waste and remains and break them down into inorganic building blocks

Front 25

Biological Magnification

Back 25

a substance that degrades slowly or not at all becomes increasingly concentrated in the tissues of organisms at higher trophic levels

Front 26

Primary Productivity

Back 26

How many producers there are
the balance between photosynthesis (enery trapped) and aerobic respiration (energy used)

Front 27

Net Primary Production

Back 27

fraction of trapped energy that producers funnel into growth and reproduction

Front 28

Gross Primary Production

Back 28

all energy trapped by producers

Front 29

Net ecosystem production

Back 29

Gross PP- Net PP

Front 30

Salinization

Back 30

build up of mineral salts in soil, stunts crops and decrease yields

Front 31

Nitrogen Cycle Points

Back 31

Resevoir- atmosphere
Exchange Pool- nutrients in soil
Biotic Pool- Organisms

Front 32

Carbon Cycle Points

Back 32

Resevoir- Rock & Trees(vegetation)
Exchange Pool- Atmosphere
Biotic Pool- Organisms

Front 33

Water (Hydro) Pool

Back 33

Resevoir- Ocean & Ice Bergs
Exchange Pool- Freshwater
Biotic Pool- Organisms

Front 34

Eutrophication

Back 34

process, either natural or artifical, that enrich a body of water with nutrients

Front 35

estuary

Back 35

where sea water meets with fresh water

Front 36

Fall & Spring Overturn of a Lake

Back 36

oxygen rich water moves down while nutrient rich water moves up

Front 37

Per Capita Growth Rate

Back 37

r=b-d
r-per capita growth rate
b-per capita birth rate
d-per capita death rate

Front 38

Expontial Equation

Back 38

G= rN

Front 39

Logistic Equation

Back 39

G= rN*(K-N/K)
r-per capita growth rate
N-Population size
K-Carrying Capacity

Front 40

Density Dependent & Independent Examples

Back 40

D- Disease, Limited Resources, Predation
I-Weather, Natural Disaster