Biology Module 13

Front 1

vertebrae

Back 1

segments of bone or so me other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

Front 2

notochord

Back 2

a rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support

Front 3

endoskeleton

Back 3

a skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage

Front 4

bone marrow

Back 4

a soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

Front 5

axial skeleton

Back 5

the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

Front 6

appendicular skeleton

Back 6

the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

Front 7

closed circulatory system

Back 7

a circulatory system in which oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

Front 8

arteries

Back 8

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Front 9

capillaries

Back 9

tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body

Front 10

veins

Back 10

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Front 11

olfactory lobes

Back 11

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

Front 12

cerebrum

Back 12

the lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature;s response to that information

Front 13

optic lobes

Back 13

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

Front 14

cerebellum

Back 14

the lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

Front 15

medulla oblongata

Back 15

the lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

Front 16

internal fertilization

Back 16

the process by which the male places sperm inside of the female's body, where the eggs are fertilized

Front 17

external fertilization

Back 17

the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

Front 18

oviparous development

Back 18

development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body

Front 19

ovoviviparous development

Back 19

development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the females body

Front 20

viviparous development

Back 20

development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through placenta

Front 21

anadromous

Back 21

a life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to to reproduce

Front 22

bile

Back 22

a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat

Front 23

atrium

Back 23

a heart chamber that receives blood

Front 24

ventricle

Back 24

a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out

Front 25

ectothermic

Back 25

lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

Front 26

hibernation

Back 26

a state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body tempatures

Front 27

what do sea squirts, lampreys, and amphibians have in common

Back 27

they all go through metamorphosis from larva to adult

Front 28

what is the difference between cartilage and bone?

Back 28

cartilage is more flexible and weaker than bone

Front 29

a blood vessel wall is very this, what kind of blood vessel is this?

Back 29

a capillary

Front 30

what do red blood vessels do?

Back 30

carry oxygen in the blood

Front 31

what protein gives red blood cells their color?

Back 31

hemoglobin

Front 32

what is the shark's most sensitive means of finding prey?

Back 32

its electrical field sensor

Front 33

what function does the lateral line perform i shark's and bony fish?

Back 33

senses vibrations in the water

Front 34

what is the major difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

Back 34

rays have thin, whiplike tails, skates have thicker, fleshy tails

Front 35

list the six common characteristics of amphibians

Back 35

1) their endoskeleton is made of mostly bone
2) their skin is smooth with many capillaries and pigments
3) they usaully have two pairs of limbs with webbed feet
4) they have as many as four organs of respiration
5) they are oviparous with external fertilization
6) they have a three-chambered heart

Front 36

for most amphibians what is the major respiratory organ?

Back 36

the skin