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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom
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smallest unit of matter
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Element
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any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
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Compound
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a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ration
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Molecule
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two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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Isotopes
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variation of an atoms nucleus (has to do with number of neutrons)
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Isomer
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a compound with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties
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Atomic Number
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number of protons in the nucleus
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Atomic Weight
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the total atomic mass
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Tetravalence
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an atom with four electrons available for covalent chemical bonding in its valence (outermost electron shell)
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Ionic Bonding
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a chemical bond resulting from an attraction between oppositely charged ions
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Covalent Bond
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a stron chemical bond where two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
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Polar Covalent Bond
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a bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons spend more time orbiting the more electronegative atom (this makes that one more negative and the other more positive)
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond
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when electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
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Hydrogen Bonding
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a weak bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom is attracted to a slightly negative atom
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Polymer
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a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together
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Monomer
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the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
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Dehydration Reaction
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when two molecules bond to eachother with the removal of a water molecule
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Monosaccharide
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the simplest carbohydrate, acts alone or serves as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides
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Disaccharide
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a double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by the dehydration reaction
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Polysaccharide
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a polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides formed by dehydration reactions
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Lipid
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a compound that is not soluble in water
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Phospholipid
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a molecule that ressembles the inner layer of a cell membrane and a head and tail (the tails being resistent to water)
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Unsaturated Faty Acid
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a fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. such bonding reduces the humber of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton
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Saturated Fatty Acid
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when all the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton
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Primary Protein Structure
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the level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids
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Secondary Protein Structure
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the repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bonds between peptide links
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Tertiary Protein Structure
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irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved hydrophobic interactions
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Quaternary Protein Structure
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the particular shape of an aggregate protein defined by the caracteristic three-dimensional arrangment of each polypetide
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Amino Acid
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possess both carboxyl and amino groups to serve as monomers of proteins
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Peptide Bonds
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the covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by a dehydration reaction
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Denaturation
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a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation, therfgy becoming biologically inactive
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