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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell walls are made of...
how is stuff transfered? |
polysaccharides
- diffusion is used to transfer minerals and water |
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Plasma membrane is found between?
What kind of transport is used? |
cell wall and cytosol
selective transport across plasma membrane |
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Where is the vacuolar membrane found?
Type of transport used |
between ctytosol and vacuole
selective transport across plasma membrane |
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Plasmodesmata is found
how do nutrients move? what lines plasmodesmata? |
between cells
through cytosol plasma membrane |
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Routes for short distance transport
Apoplastic symplastic transmembrane |
-through cell walls and extracellular space (no need to cross PM)
- through cytosol, MUST cross PM - repeated crossings of PM |
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Water and minerals move...
sugars move... |
- up the tree in the xylem
- down the tree in phloem |
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How do minerals move short distances across plasma membranes?
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- diffusion using transport proteins and no energy used
- active requires energy - proton pumps transfer K+ - cotransport is a type of diffusion of H+ with an anion or neutral substance |
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How does water move both short and long distances?
Water potential is the sum of... P potential - positive, negative, zero |
due to differences in water potentials
-pressure pot and osmotic pot - positive - pressure of cell contents against PM and cell wall - negative due to tension or suction - zero when there's no pressure |
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O potential is
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due to presence of ions and is always -ve when they are present, but zero in H2O
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Water movement is from
Turgid cell Plasmolysis |
high to low
H2O moves in until bloated H2O moves out until cell becomes limp |
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How is water taken in?
Anion are, cations are... |
- via root hairs
- Anions are dissolved in soil, cations are released |
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Three roots for water movement, all crossing a...
symplastic transmembrane apoplastic casparian strip wtf? |
PM
- nutrients cross PM, enter cytosol in root hairs. Cytosol, epi and cortex, endo - PM, in and out of cortex, across endo - ends at casparian strip - prevents leakage back to cytosol from xylem |
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Movement up the tree to the leaves in the xylem:
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transpiration-tension-cohesion mechanism
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transpirational pull is
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the driving force, movement of water from airspace to outside via stomata, while evaporation from cell walls creates H2O tension
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Cohesion
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H bonds between water molecules, maintaining a column of water in xylem
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Adhesion
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H bonds btw water and cells, which counteracts gravity and prevents backflow of H2O
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Stomata regulate the rate of transpiration
found – the guard cells are attached at their tips - when they are turgid, flacid |
- in epidermis of leaves
- bow out, stomata opens - bow in, stomata closes |
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K + moves form adjacent cells to vacuole of guard cells
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High internal K, decrease H2O potential
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Phloem
contents movement is btw sinks and sources |
sugars, hormones, AA
sources produce sugars sinks use the sugars |
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Movement to sieve cells
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symplast via plasmodesmata
symplast to apoplast and across plasma membrane |
